2. Integrated Pest Management: Keeping the “I” in IPM J. P. Cuda, Ph.D. Entomology & Nematology Department Gainesville, FL 32611-0620

3. Instructor: Dr. Jim Cuda, Asst. Professor phone (352-392-1901 ext 126) email (jcuda@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu) Responsibilities: (Research 65%) Biological Control of Invasive Weeds (Extension 30%) Biocontrol of Insect Pests & Weeds

4. Agenda Distribute SurveysDistribute Surveys Background for New IPM InitiativeBackground for New IPM Initiative Principles and Practices of IPMPrinciples and Practices of IPM

5. Surveys MG Pest Management PracticesMG Pest Management Practices IFAS Accountability SurveyIFAS Accountability Survey

6. Homeowner reliance on pesticides is high and unsustainable – $$, Safety Issues, CWA, FQPA – Sarasota Co.- 26,000 lbs of pesticides collected in 1996 Amnesty Program Federal mandate for viable pesticide alternatives –EPA prohibition of diazinon & dursban Willingness of home gardeners to experiment Why Are We Here ?

7. Applied pest control that combines and integrates biological and chemical control (Stern et al. 1959) Manipulation of natural processes to increase their effectiveness; use pesticides only when natural processes fail to control pests (National academy of Sciences, 1996) What is IPM ?

8. Avoid or prevent pest damage with minimum adverse effects on human health, non-target organisms and the environment Emphasis on and integration of “sustainable” IPM tactics –Prevention, biological, cultural, mechanical controls, and reduced risk pesticides Goal of IPM ?

9. Limited adoption of basic IPM principles : –Manipulate natural processes to increase effectiveness –Emphasis on ecologically- based tools instead of pesticides –Integration of compatible tactics TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FAILURE !!! Current Situation

10. Increase funding for interdisciplinary research and extension programs (IPM-SR, SARE grant programs) Need for trained IPM practitioners (UF DPM program) Improve public education about IPM and its benefits Problem Identification

11. Establishment of IFAS Office of IPM and Advisory Committee –Dr. Norman C. Leppla, Coordinator Identify IPM and biocontrol (BC) expertise in IFAS, DACS, and USDA Inventory IPM successes in Florida Increase visibility and delivery of IPM concepts and practices in county extension programs What is Immediate Solution?

12. Delivery of IPM Information and Technology Emphasizing Biological Control J. P. Cuda and N. C. Leppla Entomology & Nematology Dept.

13. Definitions Integrated Pest Management (IPM)Integrated Pest Management (IPM) –Biologically - based pest control system –Combinations of control tactics to conserve natural enemies

14. Definitions Biological Control, Biocontrol (BC)Biological Control, Biocontrol (BC) –Suppression of harmful organisms with natural enemies –Foundation of IPM programs

15. Goal Develop State Major Program in IPM emphasizing BCDevelop State Major Program in IPM emphasizing BC Establish a Design Team to assist in planning, implementing and evaluating SMP activitiesEstablish a Design Team to assist in planning, implementing and evaluating SMP activities

16. Rationale for New SMP in IPM County prioritiesCounty priorities Florida FIRST imperativesFlorida FIRST imperatives “Illusion of IPM” (Ehler & Bottrell 2000)“Illusion of IPM” (Ehler & Bottrell 2000)

17. County Priorities (1999) Increased demand for training and educational materials in IPM / BCIncreased demand for training and educational materials in IPM / BC Priority program areas:Priority program areas: –Agriculture, Horticulture, Natural Resources

18. Florida FIRST Imperatives Water Quality & ManagementWater Quality & Management Pest ProtectionPest Protection Food TechnologiesFood Technologies Produce Society-Ready GraduatesProduce Society-Ready Graduates

19. “Illusion of IPM” Limited implementation of “true” IPMLimited implementation of “true” IPM –National commitment (1993) – 75% by year 2000 –Currently < 8% of U.S. crop acreage Reliance on pesticidesReliance on pesticides Minimal integration of compatible tacticsMinimal integration of compatible tactics

20. Summit 2000 Gainesville, 16 AugustGainesville, 16 August UF (state / county faculty) & USDAUF (state / county faculty) & USDA Agronomy, Entomology, Horticulture, Nematology, Natural Resources, Plant PathologyAgronomy, Entomology, Horticulture, Nematology, Natural Resources, Plant Pathology Commitments from FAMU, FLDEP and FLWMDsCommitments from FAMU, FLDEP and FLWMDs Design Team Leaders selectedDesign Team Leaders selected Norm Leppla, Jim Cuda and Gary BrinenNorm Leppla, Jim Cuda and Gary Brinen

21. Accomplishments Tentative Title for New SMPTentative Title for New SMP –“Delivery of IPM and Biological Control Information and Technology” LIST- SERV and website developedLIST- SERV and website developed –http://biocontrol.ifas.ufl.edu Grant proposal submitted to SAREGrant proposal submitted to SARE –Funding to support graduate student and distance education fees

22. Mission Statement Provide leadership in developing educational materials and in-service training programs to support implementation of IPM emphasizing BC at local levelProvide leadership in developing educational materials and in-service training programs to support implementation of IPM emphasizing BC at local level

23. Design Team Functions Build effective network of county, state and federal faculty committed to IPM emphasizing BCBuild effective network of county, state and federal faculty committed to IPM emphasizing BC Assist cooperating counties in identifying and developing demonstration projectsAssist cooperating counties in identifying and developing demonstration projects

24. Design Team Functions (cont’d) Facilitate acquisition and dissemination of information via IPM / BC web siteFacilitate acquisition and dissemination of information via IPM / BC web site Develop / coordinate in-service training and distance education programs on the proper use of natural controlsDevelop / coordinate in-service training and distance education programs on the proper use of natural controls

25. Design Team Functions (cont’d) Increase public awareness of BC and IPM by facilitating the documentation of IPM successes in appropriate media outletsIncrease public awareness of BC and IPM by facilitating the documentation of IPM successes in appropriate media outlets

26. Achievable Goals New partnershipsNew partnerships Extension Delivery SystemExtension Delivery System AccountabilityAccountability

27. New Partnerships Establish new IPM / BC partnershipsEstablish new IPM / BC partnerships –Coordinate efforts of BC scientists and county faculty –Link with private industry to develop practical BC agents and pesticide compatibility data

28. Extension Delivery System Develop Florida IPM / BC websiteDevelop Florida IPM / BC website –Compartmentalized areas : Teaching, Homeowners, Commercial, IssuesTeaching, Homeowners, Commercial, Issues Commodities: Citrus, Ornamentals, Natural Areas, Turf, Vegetables, and StructuralCommodities: Citrus, Ornamentals, Natural Areas, Turf, Vegetables, and Structural –Links to EDIS, DDIS, FAWN

29. Extension Delivery System (cont’d) Increase training and implementation of IPM / BC at local levelIncrease training and implementation of IPM / BC at local level –New BC Facilities in Ft. Pierce and Davie –Training centers for BC agent biology, rearing and implementation –Establish & maintain demonstration projects –Develop & disseminate training materials

30. Accountability Evaluation of SMP success:Evaluation of SMP success: –Short term- Informal / formal assessmentsInformal / formal assessments Monitor pesticide reduction at high use demonstration sitesMonitor pesticide reduction at high use demonstration sites

31. Accountability (cont’d) Evaluation of SMP success (cont’d) :Evaluation of SMP success (cont’d) : –Long term- Incorporate IPM options into PM guidesIncorporate IPM options into PM guides Increase $$ for IPM research & educationIncrease $$ for IPM research & education Link IFAS, IPM program with Florida FIRSTLink IFAS, IPM program with Florida FIRST Advance IPM and BC in FloridaAdvance IPM and BC in Florida General acceptance of IPM / BCGeneral acceptance of IPM / BC

32. Break Time

33. Avoid or prevent pest damage with minimum adverse effects on human health, the environment, and non-targets Integrate most effective, compatible, and sustainable pest management tactics Begin with “Prevention” & “Biocontrols” and extend to “Chemical” & “Physical” controls in ways that minimize environmental risks (Leppla 2001) Principles of IPM

34. Scouting –Process of finding suspected pest and identifying it Use diagnostic labs &/or local resources (DDIS) to distinguish pests from beneficials Maintaining records of pest occurrence Establishing thresholds for plant damage –Determining if pest population is high enough to justify managing it Using multiple tactics to manage pests –Prevention, biological, autocidal, cultural, chemical, and physical –Timing pest control measures to coincide with most susceptible developmental stage Components of IPM

35. Pest or Beneficial ?

36. T ACTICS OF I NTEGRATED P EST M ANAGEMENT B IOLOGICAL C ULTURAL C HEMICAL P HYSICAL P REVENTION I MPORTATION A UGMENTATION C ONSERVATION I NORGANIC O RGANIC NATURAL SYNTHESIZED NATURAL SYNTHESIZED P ERMANENT T EMPORARY Relative Degree of Sustainability

37. What are Thresholds? Number of pests & level of damage beyond which treatment should be taken TIME NUMBER EIL Pest Natural Enemy

38. Economic Injury Level (EIL) Pest population exceeds some threshold beyond which it interferes with plant health, appearance or profits

39. Aesthetic Threshold (AT) Point at which thought or sight of pest population is nearing maximum human tolerance level

40. Why Use Thresholds? Using thresholds can maintain or improve plant quality while reducing the amount and frequency of conventional pesticides

41. Prevention a.Select healthy plants suited to habitat - Right plant, right place, right time b.Inspect &/or quarantine nursery stock Biological control= Natural enemies a.Predator- consumes more than one prey item during its development (e.g., Lady beetle) b.Parasitoid- lives in / on body of one host eventually killing it (e.g., Parasitic fly or wasp) c.Entomopathogen- disease causing organism (e.g., Nematode, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, virus) IPM Checklist (√)

42. Kinds of Natural Enemies DPI

43. Biological Control for Homeowners 1.Conservation- Maintain and enhance existing beneficial organisms a.Alter control practices (e.g., timing of pesticides) b.Provide nectar sources, additional hosts c.Provide companion plants to attract and maintain beneficial organisms 2.Augmentation- Increasing numbers & kinds of beneficials a.Inoculative- Acquire and release small numbers early in pest cycle b.Inundative- Acquire and release large numbers to overwhelm pest IPM Checklist (√)

44. http://www.anbp.org

45. Cultural Control a.Eliminate plant species that attract pests b.Use pest resistant varieties c.Remove and destroy heavily infested plants Physical Control a.Using yellow sticky cards to monitor and/or trap insects b.Use of screens, covers, barriers, and handpicking some insects IPM Checklist (√)

47. Chemical Control a.Use selective (reduced risk) pesticides to preserve beneficials b.Use microbial insecticides, e.g., Bts c.Adjust application rates to protect beneficials d.Spot treat areas when pests reach treatment threshold e.Alternate pesticides to reduce resistance IPM Checklist (√)

48. http://www.koppert.nl

49. Reduced amount of pesticides needed to achieve control –Reduced environmental contamination from pesticides –Reduced risks of exposure to people, pets, and natural enemies More economical More effective long-term pest control Benefits of IPM

50. Message IFAS is putting FLORIDA FIRST in IPM of plant pests and weedsIFAS is putting FLORIDA FIRST in IPM of plant pests and weeds http: // floridafirst.ufl.edu http: // floridafirst.ufl.edu