1. G. Pirovano – CESIRICERCA, Italy Comparison and validation of long term simulation of PM10 over 7 European cities in the frame of Citydelta project Bedogni M., Costa M.P., Casadei S. AMA Mobility and Environment Agency of Milan, Milan, Italy Pirovano G. CESI RICERCA Spa, Milan, Italy AMA - MI

2. G. Pirovano – CESIRICERCA, Italy http://aqm.jrc.it/citydelta/ Phase III

3. G. Pirovano – CESIRICERCA, Italy CAMx version 4.21 Horizontal advection: Bott Scheme Resistance Based Dry Deposition Wet Deposition Photolysis rates adjusted as a function of cloud cover, total ozone column and turbidity Gas phase chemistry –Mechanism: CBIV99 Solver: CMC Aerosol phase chemistry –SIA: IsorropiaSOA: SOAP algorithm –Coarse/Fine binsNo dynamic processes

4. G. Pirovano – CESIRICERCA, Italy Introduction... Vautard R. et al., Evaluation and intercomparison of Ozone and PM10 simulations by several chemistry-transport models over 4 european cities within the City- Delta project, Atm. Env., 2006, in press. City-delta III Base year2004 Only CAMx model 5+2 cities: Berlin, Lisbon, London, Milan, Paris, (Prague, Krakow) MM5 meterological fields at 10 km (Milan 5km, Lisbon 2km) Kv computation following CMAQ approach EMEP Emission Inventory & local inventories spatial distribution Biogenic emissions CHIMERE continental fields as B.C. No specific tuning for each city...We may look at this exercise with...

5. G. Pirovano – CESIRICERCA, Italy …a “synoptic” point view …in order to discuss a couple of interesting topics Operational evaluation of the modelling system PM10 mass and composition

6. G. Pirovano – CESIRICERCA, Italy Stations subsets NO X Emission density Distance from city centre

7. G. Pirovano – CESIRICERCA, Italy Yearly Mean NO 2 (24h r.a.) O 3 (8h daytime r.a. - summer) PM10 (24h r.a.) O x (24h r.a.) Obs CAMx

8. G. Pirovano – CESIRICERCA, Italy BIAS NO 2 O3O3 PM10

9. G. Pirovano – CESIRICERCA, Italy Sigma ratio NO 2 O3O3 PM10

10. G. Pirovano – CESIRICERCA, Italy Correlation NO 2 O3O3 PM10

11. G. Pirovano – CESIRICERCA, Italy Time series - NO 2 daily mean (city average) Milan Lisbon Paris Obs CAMx

12. G. Pirovano – CESIRICERCA, Italy Time series - O 3 daily max (city average) Milan Lisbon Paris Obs CAMx

13. G. Pirovano – CESIRICERCA, Italy Time series - PM10 daily mean (city average) Milan Lisbon Paris ObsCAMx

14. G. Pirovano – CESIRICERCA, Italy PM10 - total mass (yearly mean) SIA PPM10 PM10

15. G. Pirovano – CESIRICERCA, Italy PM10 - relative composition Urban areas City centre

16. G. Pirovano – CESIRICERCA, Italy PM10 - concentrations vs emissions Primary PM10 (urban area) vs Urban area Emix density Lis Par Mil Nitrate (urban area) vs Domain Emix density (NO X ) Lis Mil Lon NH 3 /NO X ratio (Domain Emix density)

17. G. Pirovano – CESIRICERCA, Italy Critical episodes - January 2004 Milan City centre Urban area Paris

18. G. Pirovano – CESIRICERCA, Italy Good reliability of emission inventories Heterogeneous measured data set can mask model discrepancies Photochemistry is well reproduced (also in Milan) at domain scale Local scale effects on NO 2 /O 3 induce BIAS of 5-15% Performances for PM10 are less reliable and more heterogeneous: 10-20 % of mass is missing and variability is not well described Fine scale meteorology has clearly enhanced model performances PM10 yearly mean is around 20 [  g/m 3 ] (…not in Milan!) Milan: combined effect of low ventilation and chemistry on PM10 Lisbon: ….a particular case… Sever episodes: errors may be emphasised (critical for exceedances) Conclusions

19. G. Pirovano – CESIRICERCA, Italy Evaluation of critical episodes (exceedances) Having established several datasets, we are planning to: perform source-apportionment analysis (OSAT & PSAT) perform systematic sensitivity analysis (PA & DDM) Next steps... Following the “spirit” of Citydelta and the ACCENT network we are surely interested and willing to join projects based on model ensemble approach CAMx

20. G. Pirovano – CESIRICERCA, Italy The authors would like to thank CONCAWE (London), IIASA (Vienna) and JRC (Ispra) to have funded and promoted the phase III of Citydelta modelling exercise. The authors would also like to thank Claudio Carnevale of the University of Brescia for his valuable contribution in the development of the emission processor, TERRARIA (Milan) to have provided biogenic emissions, and ARPA Lombardia to have performed some simulations. Mobility and Environment Agency technical contribution has been sustained by the Municipality of Milan. guido.pirovano@cesiricerca.it Thanks to…

21. G. Pirovano – CESIRICERCA, Italy Paris Stations NO 2 PM10