1. 21. Rapid Reaction

2. Learning Objectives: – Understand the rationale for rapid reaction – Familiar with the challenges facing rapid reaction – Familiar with UN and non-UN developments

3. 21.1. The Rapid Reaction Concept Motives – Improve success rate of peacemaking and peacekeeping – Enhance the credibility of peacemaking efforts – Capacity for humanitarian intervention

4. 21.1. The Rapid Reaction Concept Agenda for Peace and Rapid Reaction – “Peace Enforcement Units” – “Standby Arrangements”

5. 21.2. The Standby Arrangements System UNSAS Structure – Standby Arrangements Team in Military Division

6. 21.2. The Standby Arrangements System UNSAS Structure – Standby Arrangements Team in Military Division – Categories of contributions

7. UNSAS Structure (UNSAS Military Handbook) CategorySubcategoryRemarksDocuments Individuals Mission HQ On-Call ListResponse Time (RT): 7-14 days, MS bid for Posts in HQ Note Verbal (NV) UNMOs RT: Up to 90 days Staff Officers Specialists Grouped Personnel Rapid Deployment LevelRT: within 30/90 days at Air/Sea Port of Embarkation NV, Load Lists, MOU Conventional Stand-byRT: Up to 180 days at APOE/SPOE Generic MOU

8. 21.2. The Standby Arrangements System Process

9. 21.2. The Standby Arrangements System Problems – Availability and Readiness – Political decision of member states – The “one shot” problem

10. 21.3. The Canadian Rapid Reaction Study Initiated 1994, published September 1995 Principles: – Reliability – Quality – Effectiveness – Cost-effectiveness

11. 21.3. The Canadian Rapid Reaction Study Generic template for UN Rapid Reaction: – Early warning mechanism – Effective decision-making process at political and operational level – Readily available transportation and infrastructure – Logistics support – Adequate finance – Well-trained personnel

12. 21.3. The Canadian Rapid Reaction Study Core recommendations: – Rapidly Deployable Mission Headquarters (RDMHQ) 30-50 personnel Deployment in 7 days – Vanguard Concept 5,000 personnel Deployment in 3-5 weeks

13. 21.3. The Canadian Rapid Reaction Study The Fate of the Study

14. 21.4. The Standby High Readiness Brigade Multinational Brigade (4,000 – 5,000) Founded in 1996 by seven countries (eventually 23) Deployable within 15-30 days of approval Sustainable for 60 days Deployed no more than 6 months Largest deployment was in UNMEE Deactivated June 2009

15. The Future of Rapid Reaction A Vanguard Force? Strengthening UNSAS? Lead Country Capacity? Regional Capacity? Private Military Companies?