1. Research Center Juelich Institute for Safety Research and Reactor Technology (ISR) K. Verfondern, B. Dienhart Int. Conference on Hydrogen Safety, ICHS, Sep 8 - 10, 2005, Pisa, Italy1 Pool Spreading and Vaporization of Liquid Hydrogen by Karl VERFONDERN 1) and Bernd DIENHART 2) 1) Research Center Juelich, Germany 2) Cologne, Germany

2. Research Center Juelich Institute for Safety Research and Reactor Technology (ISR) K. Verfondern, B. Dienhart Int. Conference on Hydrogen Safety, ICHS, Sep 8 - 10, 2005, Pisa, Italy2 Cryogenic Pool Phenomena 150 l of LN 2 spilled on water

3. Research Center Juelich Institute for Safety Research and Reactor Technology (ISR) K. Verfondern, B. Dienhart Int. Conference on Hydrogen Safety, ICHS, Sep 8 - 10, 2005, Pisa, Italy3 Computer Model LAUV  Simulation of radial spreading of a cryogenic liquid on the basis of the shallow-layer differential equations;  Instantaneous and continuous release on solid, humid, or liquid ground;  Heat conduction equation applied, if ground is solid;  Ice formation, if ground is water;  Atmospheric convection and insolation neglected;  Validation against LN 2 and LH 2 spill tests and LNG spill test data from literature

4. Research Center Juelich Institute for Safety Research and Reactor Technology (ISR) K. Verfondern, B. Dienhart Int. Conference on Hydrogen Safety, ICHS, Sep 8 - 10, 2005, Pisa, Italy4 Cryogenic Pool Behavior (1)

5. Research Center Juelich Institute for Safety Research and Reactor Technology (ISR) K. Verfondern, B. Dienhart Int. Conference on Hydrogen Safety, ICHS, Sep 8 - 10, 2005, Pisa, Italy5 Cryogenic Pool Behavior (2)

6. Research Center Juelich Institute for Safety Research and Reactor Technology (ISR) K. Verfondern, B. Dienhart Int. Conference on Hydrogen Safety, ICHS, Sep 8 - 10, 2005, Pisa, Italy6 Cryogenic Pool Behavior (3)

7. Research Center Juelich Institute for Safety Research and Reactor Technology (ISR) K. Verfondern, B. Dienhart Int. Conference on Hydrogen Safety, ICHS, Sep 8 - 10, 2005, Pisa, Italy7 Cryogenic Pool Behavior (4)

8. Research Center Juelich Institute for Safety Research and Reactor Technology (ISR) K. Verfondern, B. Dienhart Int. Conference on Hydrogen Safety, ICHS, Sep 8 - 10, 2005, Pisa, Italy8 LN 2 Spill Tests on Water (KIWI) at FZJ

9. Research Center Juelich Institute for Safety Research and Reactor Technology (ISR) K. Verfondern, B. Dienhart Int. Conference on Hydrogen Safety, ICHS, Sep 8 - 10, 2005, Pisa, Italy9 NASA LH 2 Spill Tests (1980) Courtesy Jose Chirivella, Ergo-Tech Systems Inc. 4.6 m radius spill pond

10. Research Center Juelich Institute for Safety Research and Reactor Technology (ISR) K. Verfondern, B. Dienhart Int. Conference on Hydrogen Safety, ICHS, Sep 8 - 10, 2005, Pisa, Italy10 LAUV Postcalculation of NASA Test #6

11. Research Center Juelich Institute for Safety Research and Reactor Technology (ISR) K. Verfondern, B. Dienhart Int. Conference on Hydrogen Safety, ICHS, Sep 8 - 10, 2005, Pisa, Italy11 WE-NET LH 2 Spill Tests (1993 + 2000) Courtesy Keiko Chitose, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

12. Research Center Juelich Institute for Safety Research and Reactor Technology (ISR) K. Verfondern, B. Dienhart Int. Conference on Hydrogen Safety, ICHS, Sep 8 - 10, 2005, Pisa, Italy12 BAM LH 2 Spill Tests in Cottbus (1994)

13. Research Center Juelich Institute for Safety Research and Reactor Technology (ISR) K. Verfondern, B. Dienhart Int. Conference on Hydrogen Safety, ICHS, Sep 8 - 10, 2005, Pisa, Italy13 LAUV Postcalculation – LH 2 Spill on Water

14. Research Center Juelich Institute for Safety Research and Reactor Technology (ISR) K. Verfondern, B. Dienhart Int. Conference on Hydrogen Safety, ICHS, Sep 8 - 10, 2005, Pisa, Italy14 LAUV Postcalculation – LH 2 Spill on Al Plate

15. Research Center Juelich Institute for Safety Research and Reactor Technology (ISR) K. Verfondern, B. Dienhart Int. Conference on Hydrogen Safety, ICHS, Sep 8 - 10, 2005, Pisa, Italy15 Conclusions  Phenomena of cryogen pool spreading and vaporization are principally understood.  Modeling efforts have led to simplified, but appropriate simulation of phenomena.  Experimental data basis for LH 2 is still very poor and needs further extension.

16. Research Center Juelich Institute for Safety Research and Reactor Technology (ISR) K. Verfondern, B. Dienhart Int. Conference on Hydrogen Safety, ICHS, Sep 8 - 10, 2005, Pisa, Italy16 Thank You for Your Attention Email: k.verfondern@fz-juelich.dek.verfondern@fz-juelich.de Phone: +49-2461-613438

17. Research Center Juelich Institute for Safety Research and Reactor Technology (ISR) K. Verfondern, B. Dienhart Int. Conference on Hydrogen Safety, ICHS, Sep 8 - 10, 2005, Pisa, Italy17 Backup Slides

18. Research Center Juelich Institute for Safety Research and Reactor Technology (ISR) K. Verfondern, B. Dienhart Int. Conference on Hydrogen Safety, ICHS, Sep 8 - 10, 2005, Pisa, Italy18 Experiments on Pool Spreading

19. Research Center Juelich Institute for Safety Research and Reactor Technology (ISR) K. Verfondern, B. Dienhart Int. Conference on Hydrogen Safety, ICHS, Sep 8 - 10, 2005, Pisa, Italy19 Model Developments on Pool Spreading

20. Research Center Juelich Institute for Safety Research and Reactor Technology (ISR) K. Verfondern, B. Dienhart Int. Conference on Hydrogen Safety, ICHS, Sep 8 - 10, 2005, Pisa, Italy20 Nukiyama Curve for LH 2

21. Research Center Juelich Institute for Safety Research and Reactor Technology (ISR) K. Verfondern, B. Dienhart Int. Conference on Hydrogen Safety, ICHS, Sep 8 - 10, 2005, Pisa, Italy21 LH 2 Regression Rate Zabetakis (1960)