1. Individual + Team Activities
An individual activity is performed by one person, e.g.
In your jotter list 4 more individual activities
A team activity involves you working with other people, e.g.
Question Book Page 5, Q1.
Past Papers – Foundation Q6, Q23
In your jotter list 4 more team activities

2. Competitive and Non Activities
A competitive activity is a contest involving 2 or more rivals,
each rival tries to win. E.g.
In your jotter list 4 more competitive activities
A non-competitive activity involves performers who take part for self
satisfaction, e.g. fitness, enjoyment, health. E.g.
Question Book Page 5, Q2
Past Papers – General Q15
In your jotter list 4 more non-competitive activities

3. Direct and Indirect Activities
Contests are either directly competitive or indirectly competitive
Directly competitive means that you have a direct influence or bearing on
what your opponent does and vice versa e.g.
In your jotter list 4 more directly competitive activities
Question Book Page 6, Q4
Past Papers General – Q1
Indirectly competitive means that your performance does not affect the
performance of your opponent and vice versa e.g.
In your jotter list 4 more indirectly
competitive activities

4. Participation in Sport
Participation in sporting activities can be influenced by many different factors.
Factors such as age, money, weather, facilities and disability can affect
participation levels in certain sporting activities.
In your jotter explain how money can help or reduce participation in golf
In your jotter explain how weather can affect participation in skiing
Question Book Page 6, Q6
Past Papers
In your jotter explain how facilities can affect participation in tennis
In your jotter explain how disability can affect participation in basketball
In your jotter explain how age may affect participation in gymnastics

5. Participation in Sport
There are many reasons why people participate in sporting activities.
They can be Physical, Health, Personal or Social
Write these reasons in your jotter, leaving a space beside each one
“I enjoy getting our and meeting new people”
Social
“I like the thrill of competing against myself”
Personal
Question Book Page 5, Q3
Past Papers – Credit Q41
“Regular exercise is good for me”
Health
“Jogging improves my endurance”
Physical
Write down which category the above reasons fall into.

6. Different Roles
There are many different roles as well as “performer”. These include
Referee
Umpire
Linesperson
Supporters
Starter
Question Book Page 7,Q7
Past Papers – Foundation Q12, Q17. Credit – Q14, Q15, Q48
Team mate
Physiotherapist
Timekeeper
Attacker
Defender
For each role pictured choose an activity and describe what that role involves.

7. Personal and Physical Qualities
Both playing and non playing roles require different qualities
Activity – Rugby Role - Player
Personal Quality – Aggressive. Rugby players must be
able to take charge and force results.
Physical Quality – Strong. Rugby players must be able to
push opponents off the ball and shrug off tackles.
Activity – Football Role - Referee
Personal Quality – Fair. Referee’s must be able to make
decisions which are not bias towards one team or player.
Question Book Page 8, Q9
Past Papers – Foundation Q2. General – Q32. Credit Q20, Q21, Q32, Q43
Physical Quality – Fit. Referees must be able to run around
for 90 minutes to keep up with play.
In your jotter write 2 more examples for playing roles
In your jotter write 2 more examples for non-playing roles

8. Safety in Activities
Being safe in an activity is important. Some sports equipment is
designed to keep people safe.
In some activities you must wear certain items for safety, e.g.
In your jotter select 1 more activity which you must wear
protective clothing and a reason for each.
In some activities safety equipment is only recommended, e.g.
In your jotter select 1 more activity which safety equipment is
only recommended.
Question Book Page 7, Q 8, Page 8, Q10
Past Papers – Foundation Q11 , Q18
Many rules have been incorporated into activities to keep players safe.
In your jotter select 3 different activities and a rule in each which helps to keep
everyone safe.

9. Equipment for Activities
Many athletes and players use footwear or equipment which helps their performance.
Performance can be improved in many ways.
Reducing equipment/kit weight, but
maintaining its power. E.g.
In your jotter write down another example
Improving grip or friction to improve a skill or speed. E.g.
Past Papers -
In your jotter write down another example
Reducing friction therefore improving slide or glide. E.g.
In your jotter write down another example

10. Rules - Written
Rules are made to ensure that everyone has an equal chance of winning.
In a long jump competition the jumper must take off before
the board and land in the sand. If not then they are
disqualified.
In your jotter write down another example from a different
activity where rules ensure everyone has an equal chance.
Rules can also restrict movement within activities, and shape them.
Question Book Page 9, Q11
Past Papers – Foundation Q7. General – Q12
In Netball the GA and GS are the only 2 attacking players
allowed within the semi circle. This means that other players
must get the ball to them to score. It also prevents the semi
circle from being crowded.
In your jotter give another example of a shaping/restrictive
rule.

11. Rules - Unwritten
Unwritten rules (etiquette, code of conduct) give details of how an individual or
team should behave. Performers who fail to follow the code are said to be
unsporting.
One example of good etiquette is swapping shirts with opposition
Players after a game of football.
In your jotter select 2 different activities and write an example of
good etiquette from each.
Question Book Page 9, Q12
Past Papers – Foundation Q20, Q29. Credit – Q31, Q42
One example of bad etiquette is arguing with the referee/umpire.
In your jotter select 2 different activities and write an example of
an unwritten rule from each.

12. Subjective scoring is based on the opinion of someone.
Objective scoring is based on facts. E.g. Goals scored, distance jumped, height
jumped, time, points.
Subjective scoring is based on the opinion of someone.
In your jotter write down the following activities. Decide whether the scoring
system is subjective or objective. Write down how each activity is won. An
example has been given for you.
Question Book Page 10, Q13, Q14, Q15, Q16
Past Papers – Foundation Q1, Q26. General – Q11,
Subjective
Panel of judges
Objective Time
Objective
Distance thrown
Objective
Games/Sets
Subjective Panel of judges
Objective Points
Objective Runs
Subjective Panel of judges
Subjective Panel of judges
Objective Time

13. Tactics and Strategies
In all competitive activities, individual and team the aim is to win. Before the activity
begins, most competitors will have a “game plan” to win, during the activity your
game plan can change. Tactics and strategies try to make the most of your
strengths and take advantage of your opponents weaknesses.
In cycling the tactic being used by the second placed rider is called
“slipstreaming.” They are intentionally staying behind the leader
using them as a windbreak.
In your jotter write down another example of an activity which uses
slipstreaming.
Question Book Page 11, Q17
Past Papers -
In your jotter write down a tactic used in all racket games.
In your jotter write down a tactic used in combat activities. E.g. Karate and Judo.

14. Tactics and Strategies
In target activities like curling, players don’t always play to
“hit the target.” A player can prevent an opponent from
having a clear route by playing a short “blocker” on
purpose. A player may also try to deliver a stone simply
to knock the opponents away.
In your jotter write down another example of an activity
which uses similar tactics.
In your jotter write down a tactic used in striking and fielding activities.
Question Book Page 11, Q18, Q19
Past Papers – Credit Q40, Q49
In the invasion games attack and defence tactics are important.
In your jotter describe what a man-to-man defence is, and give one reason why you
may use it.
In your jotter describe what a zone defence is, and give one reason why you may use
it.
In an activity you may have to change your starting tactic. Give a reason why.

15. Width and Depth Attacking with width spreads out the defence and more
A A
A A
Attacking with width spreads out the defence and more
gaps are opened up in the defence. A defence which is
marking a wide attack is less compact and therefore weaker. A
Attacking with depth means that every player has many
options when passing, right, left, diagonal, give and go,
backwards etc.
Past Papers Credit – Q1, Q2, Q39

16. Being Creative in Activities
Performers can be creative in activities with both subjective and objective scoring
systems.
Write down in your jotter an example from each activity below of how you or your
team mates could be creative.
Question Book Page 12, Q20, Q21
Past Papers – General Q4, Q14, Q19, Q20, 27

17. Size and Shape
Different body size and shape can occasionally help your performance.
Endomorph.
Stocky body; large And
round; short thick neck;
short arms and legs; lots
of body fat.
Mesomorph.
Muscular body; strongly built;
broad chest and shoulders;
very muscular arms and legs
little body fat.
Ectomorph.
Narrow body; wiry
muscles; tall and thin;
spindly legs and arms
little body fat.
Question Book Page 12, Q12
Past Papers -
In your jotter write down the following activities and the body shape which suits the
Activity best. Give a reason for your answer.
High Jumper Sprinter Sumo Wrestler

18. Adapting Activities
Activities can be adapted in many ways and for different reasons. E.g. Adult versions
of games can be changed to suit younger players making it easier for them to learn.
Look at the pictures below and explain how and why the activity could be changed to
suit a younger player. The key area of change has been identified.
Past Papers – Foundation Q15. Credit – Q34
The playing area
Net Height
The rules
Number of players
The scoring system
Length of game
Equipment
Number of touches

19. Adapting Activities
Games can be played “small sided” instead of “full sided.” E.g. 5 a side football.
In your jotter write down 2 advantages of playing with smaller sides.
Numerical superiority means having more attackers than defenders or vice versa.
In your jotter write down 2 advantages of numerical superiority when practising
skills.
Question Book Page 13, Q25
Past Papers General – Q24, Q33