1. 1 The Free World vs. the Axis of Evil: IRAN By Brig. Gen. (Res.) Ephraim Lapid Israel Nov. 2007 Brigadier General (Res.) Ephraim Lapid is one of Israel's leading authorities in Public and Military Affairs, Middle Eastern Current Affairs. He has had a rich career in military and public service. General Lapid served as a Senior Intelligence officer in the Israel Defense Forces (I.D.F) including the Operation Officer of the Intelligence in the 70 's. He was after I.D.F. Spokesperson for 5 years and Instructor in the Israeli National Defense College. After retiring from the Israeli Military he served as a senior official in the Jewish Agency. He is a lecturer at Bar-Ilan University and of National Defense at Ariel College. Ephraim Lapid holds a B.A. in Middle Eastern Studies and Arabic from the Hebrew University, an M.A. in Political Science and a teaching certificate.

2. 2 Index Area Population Economy History Germany – Iran relations The Nuclear Project The Nuclear Project – Positions of various parties The Nuclear Project – ways to prevent The Nuclear Project – where do we go?

3. 3 Iran - Area 1.6 m. Km². 17 th Place in the world 4x Germany 80x Israel

4. 4 Iran - Population Almost 70 m. People (10x Israel) 18 th Place in the world 90% Shi’ites 40% Illiterate 150,000 People, mostly high educated, leave every year to the west Religious Regime rules most patterns of life, and many youth enter internet and listen to western music

5. 5 Iran Economy GDP per capita – $8,250 Annual income per capita - $2,440 Second largest state of the OPEC Countries 10% of reservoir of global oil Second largest country in reservoir of Natural Gas Second major branch – agriculture

6. 6 Iran - History 1951 – first Democratic Elections- Prime Minister Mossadeq 1953 – Revolution the Shah Pahlavi, Western orientation 1979 – Islamic revolution, Khomeini, The leader of Iran

7. 7 Germany - Iran Relations Germany – Iran’s no. 1 trading partner providing vital investments for Iran’s economy 2/3 of Iranian industry relies on German engineering products 5,000 German companies do business with Iran 1,750 companies are registered as members of the German- Iranian Chamber of Commerce in Teheran

8. 8 The Nuclear Project Started in the era of the Shah with 2 reactors for the production of electricity 1979 Khomeini halted the project out of ideology and fear 1993 Rafsanjani established Special Target Force of thousands of engineers to study abroad Coming back with rich know-how

9. 9 The Nuclear Project Original goal – to defend Iran from Pakistan, India and Iraq Later – Israel and the U.S as major enemies to be attacked by nuclear weapons Major Ahmadinejad’s statement : To destroy Israel

10. 10 The Nuclear Project – Positions of various parties UN – Security Council resolution 1737 (Dec.2006) – Sanctions. Resolution 1741(March 2007) IAEA – is dealing now, looking for response of IRAN up to Nov.22 U.S. – leads global pressure, including economic sanctions

11. 11 The Nuclear Project – Positions of various parties The Europeans (France, UK, Germany) Russia – supplier of items for AE. Against sanctions China - supplier of items for AE. Against sanctions

12. 12 The Nuclear Project – Ways to prevent Political pressure Dissuasion Economic pressure Military force

13. 13 The Nuclear Project – Where do we go?!

14. 14 The End??? THANK YOU