1. Herbs that open the orifices To open up the sensory orifices and awaken the spirit: patient becomes delirious or even comatose, also treating turbid phlegm veling the sensory orifices Hot closed disorders Niu Huang, bing pian, Cold closed disorders su he xiang, she xiang, shi chang pu Contraindications pregnancy Herbs that extinguish wind & stop tremors Treat wind in the interior: headache, dizziness, vertigo, blurred vision, tinnitus Substances that extinguish wind and stop tremors: gou teng, tian ma, ci ji li, shi jue ming, di long, dai zhe shi, ling yang jiao, bai jiang can, quan xie, wu gong Contraindications

2. Herbs that open the orifices Aromatic substances that open the orifices: Niu Huang 牛黄 ------------------------------------------------ she xiang 麝香, su he xiang 苏合香， bing pian 冰片, shi chang pu 石菖蒲 ；

3. Niu Huang 牛黄

4. Pharmaceutical NameBovis Calculus Actions 1. Clears the heart, opens the orifices, awakens the spirit, and disloges phlegm 2. Clears the liver, resolves toxicity, extinguishes wind, and stops tremors 2. Drains heat and resolves fire toxicity Indications ( Excess) Delirium or coma due to warm-heat Spasms, tremors, or convulsions with high fever Sores, carbuncles, boils, and a wide variety of hot swelling Dosage0.2- 0.5 g Cook Toxic Sym.Overdosage can cause diarrhea, and in severe case, low blood pressure Niu Huang 牛黄 ( cool )

5. ContraindicationsPregnancy Combinations IndicationsFormular Huang Lian 黄连 Zhi Zi 栀子 Zhu Sha 朱砂 Delirium and irritability due to blazing heat affecting the pericardium Niu Huang Qing Xin Wan 牛黄清心丸 Ru Xiang 乳香 Mo Yao 没药 Abscess scrofula Zhen Zhu 珍珠 Yuan Zhi 远志 DanNan Xing 胆南星 Grand mal seizures Qian Xie 全蝎 Dan Nan Xing 胆南星 Convulsions and impaired consciousness Jin Yin Hua 金银花 Gan Cao 甘草 Sores, carbuncles, and boils Niu Huang 牛黄 ( cool )

6. Pharmaceutical NameMoschus Actions 1.Vigorously opens the orifices, revives the spirit, and unblocks closed disorders 2. Invigorates the blood, dissipates clumps, reduces swelling and alleviate pain 3. Hastens delivery and facilitates the downward passage of stillborns Indications ( excess ) Treating variety of problems that impair the consciousness, irrespective of whether it is associated with heat or cold Blood stasis including fixed palpable masses, toxin sores, and carbuncles Used in cases where the dead fetus or placenta fails to descend Dosage 0.03 – 0.1 g Cook Toxic Sym. Ingestion of musk can cause ulceration and erosion of the oral and pharyngeal mucosa, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain She Xiang 麝香 ( warm ) Aromatic

7. Pharmaceutical NameStyrax Actions 1. Opens the orifices and penetrates through turbidity to awaken the spirit 2. Opens up areas of constraint and clears away filth Indications ( excess ) Closed disorder, phlegm collapse and epidemic toxic disease Stifling sensations, cold, fullness, and pain in the chest and abdomen Coronary artery disease and biliary colic Dosage0.3 – 1 g Cook Toxic Sym.None noted ContrainicationsPregnancy Shu He Xiang 苏合香 ( warm )

8. Pharmaceutical NameBorneolum Actions 1. Opens the orifices, awakens the spirit, and unblocks closed disorders 2. Clears heat, drains fire, resolves toxicity, clears the eyes, removes superficial visual obstructions, and stops pain 3. Clears heat, alleviates pain, dissipates nodules, and alleviates itching Indications ( escess ) Impaired consciousness, various types of fainting & convulsions For heat leading to headache, red & swollen eyes, and sores in the mouth Pain and swelling of the throat, skin disease, Dosage0.01 – 0.3 g Cook Toxic Sym. Allergic reaction: burning sensation and pruritus, urticaria… Bing Pian 冰片 ( Mildly Cold )

9. Pharmaceutical NameAcori tatarinowii Rhizoma Actions 1. Opens the orifices, dislodges phlegm, removes filth, and quiets the spirit 2. Transforms turbid dampness, awakens the spleen, and promotes movement of qi 3. Promtes blood flow and reduces swelling Indications ( def. ) Deafness, dizziness, dizziness, forgetfullness, a dulled sensorium, as well as seizures or stupor Chest and epigastric fullness and abdominal distention and pain due to dampnesss & turbidity obstructing the milld Jiao Topically for wind-cold-damp painful obstruction, trauma, and sores Dosage3 – 9 g Toxic Sym. B-Asarone: carcinogenic, mutagenic, and chromosome damaging properties Shi Chang Pu 石菖蒲 ( warm ) Aromatic

10. Substances that extinguish wind and stop tremors: gou teng 钩藤, tian ma 天麻, ci ji li 刺蒺藜, shi jue ming 石决明, di long 地龙, dai zhe shi 代赭石, ------------------------------------------------------ ling yang jiao 羚羊角, bai jiang can 白僵蚕, quan xie 全蝎, wu gong 蜈蚣 Herbs that extinguish wind & stop tremors

11. Gou Teng 钩藤

12. Pharmaceutical NameUncariae Ramulus cum uncis Actions 1. Extinguishes wind & alleviates spasms 1. Drains liver heat & pacifies liver yang 2. Releases the exterior Indications ( Exc. & def. ) Patterns of liver heat with internal stirring of liver wind: tremors, seizures and eclampsia Liver fire & ascendant liver yang patterns Exterior wind-heat: fever, headache, red eyes Dosage6 – 15 g Cook Toxic Sym. None noted Gou Teng 钩藤 （ slightly cold )

13. ContraindicationsUwe with caustion in the absence of wind-heat Combinations IndicationsFormular Tian Ma 天麻 Quan Xie 全蝎 Convulsion Shi Jue Ming 石决明 Eclampsia due to liver wind Tian Zhu Huang 天竺黄 Huang Lian 黄连 Chan Tui 蝉蜕 Seizures Tian Ma 天麻 Ju Hua 菊花 Shi Jue Ming 石决明 Dizziness & vertigo deu to liver wind Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin 天麻钩藤饮 Xia Ku Cao 夏枯草 Long Dan Cao 龙胆草 Headache & dizziness due to liver fire Bo He 薄荷 Chan Tui 蝉蜕 Wind heat disease Gou Teng 钩藤（ slightly cold )

14. Tian Ma 天麻

15. Pharmaceutical NameGastrodiae Rhizoma Actions 1. Calms the liver, extingishes wind, and controls spasms and tremors 2. Extingishes wind & alleviates pain 2. Disperses painful obstruction Indications ( Exs. & Def. ) Very important herb to treat internal stirring of liver wind: headache, dizziness Headache, dizziness, and migraine headache due to wind-phlegm Wind-damp painful obstruction Dosage3 – 9 g Cook Toxic Sym. In very high dosage 80g: flushed & hot sensation, generalize weakness, headache Tian Ma 天麻 ( Neutral )

16. ContraindicationsNone Combinations IndicationsFormular Gou Teng 钩藤 Calm the liver & extinguish wind Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin 天麻钩藤饮 Sang Zhi 桑枝 Di Long 地龙 Wind-stroke Quan Xie 全蝎 Wu Gong 蜈蚣 Shi Chang Pu 石菖蒲 Childhood convulsions Ban Xia 半夏 Bai Zhu 白术 Chen Pi 陈皮 Headache & dizziness from wind-phlegm Chuan Xiong 川芎 Migraines Qin Jiao 秦艽 Qiang Huo 羌活 Sang Zhi 桑枝 Wind-damp painful obstruction Tian Ma 天麻 ( Neutral )

17. Ci Ji Li 刺蒺藜

18. Pharmaceutical NameTribuli Fructus Actions 1. Calms the liver & anchors the yang 2. Dreges the liver Qi to smooth its flow while dispersing constraint and clumbing 2. Dispels wind-heat & brightens the eyes 3. Dispels wind & stops itching Indications ( Exc. & def.) Headache, vertigo due to liver yang Irregular menstruation, insufficient lactation from liver Qi Stag. Red painful swollen eyes Any kind of skin lesion Dosage6 – 15 g Cook Toxic Sym. Over dosage may cause general weakness, dizziness, nausea Ci Ji Li 刺蒺藜 ( Neutral )

19. ContraindicationsPregnancy or blood def. Combinations IndicationsFormular Bai Shao 白芍 Ju Hua 菊花 Dizziness & unclear vision due to liver yang ascendant Gou Teng 钩藤 Niu Xi 牛膝 Zhen Zhu Mu 珍珠母 Dizziness & vertigo from hypertension Chai Hu 柴胡 Qing Pi 青皮 Xiang Fu 香附 Pain & distention in chest & rib-area Ju Hua 菊花 Jue ming Zi 决明子 Pain, red swelling eyes Chan Tui 蝉蜕 Fang Feng 防风 Itchy skin due to wind heat Ci Ji Li 刺蒺藜 ( Neutral )

20. Shi Jue Ming 石决明

21. Pharmaceutical NameHaliotidis Concha Actions 1. Drains liver fire & anchors & sedates the liver yang 2. Improves the vision & causes superficial visual obstruction to recede 2. Increased gastric acidity Indications ( Exc. & def. ) Headache, dizziness & red eyes due to liver fire Photophobia,pterygium or other superficial visual obstruction Gastric acidity Dosage15 – 30 g Cook Toxic Sym. None noted Shi Jue Ming 石决明 (cold )

22. Contraindicationscold from Sp. Yang def. Combinations IndicationsFormular Bai Shao 白芍 Sheng Di 生地 Mu Li 牡蛎 Liver yang rising Xia Ku Cao 夏枯草 HuangQi 黄芪 Ju Hua 菊花 Liver fire with heat signs, dizziness Ju Hua 菊花 Xia Ku Cao 夏枯草 Jue Ming Zi 决明子 Eye redness, swelling, & pain due to liver fire Shu Di 熟地 Shan Zhu Yu 山茱萸 Impaired vision due to kidney yin def. Shi Jue Ming 石决明 (cold )

23. Di Long 地龙

24. Pharmaceutical NamePheretime Actions 1. Drains heat, settles convulsions, extinguishes wind, & stops spasms 2. Clears heat & unblocks & promotes movement in the channels & collaterals 3. Clears heat & calms wheezing 3. Clears heat & promotes urination 3. Hypertention Indications ( Exc & def. ) High fever leading to oncoherent speech, convulsions & seizures Swollen & painful joints with reduced range of motion Wheezing Hot painful urination Dosage4.5- 15 g Cook Toxic Sym. Over dosage: headache, dizziness, palpitations, dyspnea Di Long 地龙 ( cold )

25. ContraindicationsWeak spleen & stomach IndicationsFormular Gou Teng 钩藤 Bai Jiang Can 白僵蚕 Childhood & adult convulsions & seizures Fang Ji 防己 Qin Jiao 秦艽 Ren Dong Teng 忍冬藤 Hot painful obstruction Quan Xie 全蝎 Chi Shao 赤芍 Niu Xi 牛膝 Hemiplegia Ma Huang 麻黄 Xing Ren 杏仁 Wheezing Che Qian Zi 车前子 Mu Tong 木通 Painful urinary dribbling Huang Qin 黄芩 Xia Ku Cao 夏枯草 Shi Jue Ming 石决明 hypertention Di Long 地龙 ( cold )

26. Dai Zhe Shi 代赭石

27. Pharmaceutical NameHaematitum Actions 1. Sedates & anchors the liver yang & clears liver fire 2. Strongly directs rebellious qi downward 3. Cools blood & stops bleeding Indications (Exs. & Def. ) Dizziness & headache, vertigo due to liver yang Belching, vomiting, hiccough Vomiting of blood and nosebleeds Dosage 9 – 30 g in decoctions ( crushed ); 1 – 3 g in pills & powders Cook Toxic Sym. Long-term administration over 20 days: bleeding of the gingiva and thrombopenic purpura Dai Zhe Shi 代赭石 ( cold )

28. Contraindicationspregency IndicationsFormular Niu Xi 牛膝 Long Gu 龙骨 Mu Li 牡蛎 Dizziness due to liver yang rising Zhen Zhu Mu 珍珠母 Ci Shi 磁石 Hypertention due to liver yang or liver fire Ban Xia 半夏 Xuan Fu Hua 旋复花 Vomiting, hiccough Zi Shi Ying 紫石英 Chi Shi Zhi 赤石脂 Continuous uterine bleeding Dai Zhe Shi 代赭石 ( cold )

29. Pharmaceutical NameSaigae tataricae Cornu Actions 1. Drains liver heat, calms the liver, extinguishes wind & controls spasms & convulsions 2. Calms the liver & anchors the yang 2. Clears the liver & improves the vision 3. Drains heat & resolves fire toxicity 4. Clears damp-heat Indications (Exc. & Def. ) Childhood convulsion & seizures Dizziness & vertigo Swollen eyes, or photophobia due to blazing liver fire Wind-damp-heat painful obstruction Dosage 1-3 g decocted by itself for at leat 2 hours; or 0.3-0.6 g ground into a powder Cook Toxic Sym.Allergic reactions: erythema, somnolence, tachypnae Ling Yang Jiao 羚羊角 ( cold )

30. Pharmaceutical NameBombyx batryticatus Actions 1. Extinguishes wind & stops spasms and convulsion 2. Dispels wind, disperses wind-heat, and stops itching & pain 2. Transforms phlegm, softens what is hard, & dissipates nodules 2. Expels wind & stops itching Indications (Exc. & Def. ) Childhood convulsions or facial paralysis Headache, red eyes, sore & swollen throat due to wind- heat Phlegm nodules Dosage3 – 9 g in decoction; 1 – 1.5 g in powder Cook Toxic Sym.None noted ContraindicationsNone noted Bai Jiang Can 白僵蚕 ( neutral )

31. Pharmaceutical NameScorpio Actions 1. Extinguishes wind & stops tremors & convulsions 2. Tracks down wind, unblocks the collaterals, and stops pain 3. Attacks and resolves fire toxicity Indications (Excess ) Spasms, acute or chronic childhood convulsion Stubborn headaches & painful obstruction Toxic sores Dosage2 – 4.5 g in decoctions; 0.6-1 g in powder Cook Toxic Sym. Itching of the abal and genital areas, urinary pain & obstruction, headache, dizziness ContraindicationsPregnancy or blood def. Quan Xi 全蝎 ( neutral ) Toxin

32. Pharmaceutical NameScolopendra Actions 1. Extinguishes wind & stops spasms & convulsion 2. Attacks toxin and dissipates noduls 3. Unblocks the collaterals & stops pain Indications (Excess) Acute & chronic childhood convulsion Sores, carbuncles, and neck lumps, snakebite Stubbern headache Dosage1-3 g in decoctions; 0.6-1 g in powder Cook Toxic Sym.Nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness ContraindicationsPregnancy or blood def. Wu Gong 蜈蚣 ( Warm ) Toxin