1. Transportation TRACTION SALTATION SUSPENSION SOLUTION
Particles of rock are dissolved in the water and carried along without being seen.
Large boulders and rocks are ‘rolled’ along the bed of the river.
Smaller pebbles and stones are ‘bounced’ along the bed of the river.
Smaller particles of silt and sand are held within the water and transported along in the flow of water.

2. Erosion ABRASION CORROSION ATTRITION HYDRAULIC ACTION
The sheer force of the water removed material from the bed and banks of the river.
Material is rubbing against the bed and banks of the river wearing them away.
Some rock such as calcium carbonate dissolve in the water if it is slightly acidic.
The load itself being carried, bang into each other and break up and become smaller and smaller.

3. River Processes
EROSION
TRANSPORTATION
DEPOSITION
The wearing away and removal of rocks by the action of water, wind or ice
The movement of sediment along the river’s course
The putting down of material by the river

4. Meanders & Ox Bow Lakes
LO: To explain how a river meander forms and develops into an oxbow lake. All of you will be able to describe the processes that form a meander Most of you will be able to describe how a meander becomes an oxbow lake Some of you will be able to explain why meanders and oxbow lakes form.

5. The Plenary
C-D Must be able to describe the process that leads to the formation of meanders. A*-B Must be able to explain the process that leads to the formation of river meanders.

6. Geogingo Choose five words from the following
Hydraulic action
store
evapotranspiration
transportation
waterfall
transfer
Freeze thaw
abrasion
deposition
V shaped valley
infiltration
attrition
Surface run off

7. River Tees Upper Course

8. River Tees Middle Course

9. We are going to look at a Meanders.
We are going to look at a land processes that takes place in the middle stages of a river.
We are going to look at a Meanders.
We are going to be looking at the middle stages of a river, this is the area after the steep upper course, but before you get to the estuary and the mouth which are both in the lower course and need the sea.
Meander bends are the bends in the river.

10. Water in a meander bend Water in a meander does not all travel at the same speed. The fastest and most powerful water travels around the outside of the bend. Think about being in the back or a car when going round the corner… Or being on a rollercoaster and being thrown to one side of the carriage.
When this happens in a river it starts to develop a pattern. The key players in this pattern developing are erosion and deposition

11. We are going to watch a video which looks at this a bit more and mentions some of the key term, then we will have a look at it in more detail.

12. Meanders
As the course of a river reaches its middle stages it flows over flatter land. Lateral (sideways) erosion happens because of fast moving water on the outside of meanders.
Meanders constantly change their shape and position.

13. Where is there more erosion? Why? Where is there more deposition? Why?B A

14. Draw a river in your book
Draw a river in your book. It should be about a 1/3 of a page high and as wide as your page. Make sure it has bends it in like this one:
Using a different colour mark on your river the route of the fastest water.

15. Where the red line hits the banks – it erodes material.
In the areas of the river the water is travelling slower, the water has less energy and so deposits the eroded material.

16. 6. Add to your diagram where deposition and erosion are taking place
Video
Deposition
= Lateral Erosion
= Deposition
Lateral Erosion

17. Erosion
Deposition

18. Meander = a bend in a river

19. River cliff deposition river beach lateral erosion
undercutting slowest current fastest current

20. Oxbow lakes

21. Meanders What is a meander?
What sort of land do they form on? Flat or steep?
Which side of a meander erodes the banks? Why? 3.

22. 4. Explain the formation of an oxbow lake
new course of the river
Meander neck becomes smaller
When the river floods it breaks through the thin meander neck and the river takes the easier, straight course.
This cuts off the meander loop leaving an oxbow lake. Over time, the oxbow lake gets filled in and overgrown.
oxbow lake

23. Explain the formation of an oxbow lake