1. Protists I Lab 3 BIOL 171

2. Remember!: Classification System

4. Ancestral Eukaryote We’ll be looking at all of these! Protists are everywhere in Eukarya! “the junk drawer of the eukaryotes”

5. Ancestral Eukaryote We’ll be looking at all of these! Protists are everywhere in Eukarya! “the junk drawer of the eukaryotes”

6. 6 Kingdoms Plants (Plantae) Animals (Animalia) Fungi (Fungi) Eubacteria Archaeabacteria Protista

8. Linnaeus [5] Linnaeus [5] (1735) 2 kingdoms Haeckel [6] Haeckel [6] (1866) 3 kingdoms Chatton [7] Chatton [7] (1925) 2 groups Copeland [8] Copeland [8] (1938) 4 kingdoms Whittaker [2] Whittaker [2] (1969) 5 kingdoms WoeseWoese [9][10] (1977,1990) 3 domains [9][10] Animalia Eukaryote Animalia Eukarya VegetabiliaPlantae Protoctista Fungi Protista (not treated) Protista ProkaryoteMonera Archaea Bacteria A constantly changing system…

9. Lab Study A: Euglenozoans – Trypanosoma levisi (prepared slide) – Euglena (make wet mount) – not in manual (use depression slide) – Termites (Trichonympha) - procedure not in manual

10. Trypanosoma and red blood cells

11. Euglena

12. Trichonympha Lives in the intestine of the termite Bacterial endosymbionts inside Trichonympha digest cellulose - Termite > Trichonympha > Spirochetes Procedure 1.Place a couple of drops of Ringer’s solution on a clean slide. 2.Transfer a termite into the drop of solution. 3.Place slide under a dissecting microscope. 4.Place the tips of dissecting needles at either end of the termite and pull in opposite directions. 5.Locate the long tube that is the termite’s intestine. 6.Place a cover slip over the specimen and lightly press down on coverslip to release the Trichonympha from the intestines. Observe with a compound microscope.

13. Lab Study B: Alveolates Ciliate: Paramecium caudatum – (wet mount) in manual Dinoflagellates: mixed dinoflagellates (live & wet mount), and Peridinium (wet mount) not in manual

14. Paramecium structures

16. Dinoflaggelates

17. Lab Study C: Stramenopiles Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) – make wet mount Also observe diatomaceous earth (the cell wall deposits from diatoms) – make wet mount and look at prepared slides

18. Diatom diversity

19. Diatom cell wall made of silica

20. Stramenopile flagella

21. Brown Algae (Phaeophyta) Living: Ectocarpus and Sphacelaria Preserved: Fucus and Laminaria

22. Lab Study D: Rhizaria (different title from manual) Foraminiferans - prepared slides

23. Radiolarians - prepared slides

24. Think about… Morphological characteristics Ecology of the organism How does the organism get around? What role do they play in the ecosystem? Do they have any economic value? Where do they live? Don’t know the answer?? It’s probably a great research question! Ask me about it.