1. Hazardous Location Standards and the CEC
Sunday, April 16, 2017

2. Hazardous Location Standards and the CEC
Two Types
Division Based
Original C22.2
IEC Based
E79
CAN/CSA
C22.2

3. Division Based Hazardous Location Standards
C22.2 No. 22
Electrical Equipment for Flammable and Combustible Fuel Dispensers
C22.2 No. 25
Enclosures for Use in Class II Groups E, F, and G Hazardous Locations
C22.2 No. 30
Explosion-Proof Enclosures for Use in Class I Hazardous Locations
C22.2 No. 137
Electric Luminaires for Use in Hazardous Locations
C22.2 No. 145
Motors and Generators for Use in Hazardous Locations
C22.2 No. 152
Combustible Gas Detection Instruments
C22.2 No. 157
Intrinsically Safe and Non-Incendive Equipment for Use in Hazardous Locations
C22.2 No. 159
Attachment Plugs, Receptacles, and Similar Wiring Devices for Use in Hazardous Locations: Class I, Groups A, B, C, and D; Class II, Group G, in Coal or Coke Dust, and in Gaseous Mines
C22.2 No. 174
Cables and Cable Glands for Use in Hazardous Locations
C22.2 No. 213
Non-incendive Electrical Equipment for Use in Class I, Division 2 Hazardous Locations

4. CSA Adopted IEC Standards
CSA Version
IEC Version
CAN/CSA-C22.2 No
IEC ed6.0 ( )
CAN/CSA-C22.2 No
IEC ed6.0 ( )
CAN/CSA-E (R2011)
IEC ed5.0 ( )
CAN/CSA-E (R2011)
IEC  ed3.0 ( )
CAN/CSA-E (R2011)
IEC ed3.0 ( )
CAN/CSA-E (R2008)
IEC ed4.0 ( )
CAN/CSA-E (R2011)
IEC ed6.0 ( )
CAN/CSA-E (R2011)
IEC ed4.0 ( )
CAN/CSA-E (R2009)
IEC ed3.0 ( )
CAN/CSA-E (R2010)
IEC ed1.0 ( )

5. IEC Standards in the CEC
Why did CEC Adopt the IEC Zone System?
To Access the Types of Protection
Why did we Adopt IEC Standards in 1995?
IEC had no Certification programme
Products were Typically ATEX Approved
We Had no way to add Input to ATEX EN Standards
We did with IEC That’s Why we Adopted those
But We don’t Actually Comment Much

6. Acceptable Equipment For Class 1, Locations
Division System
Class 1, Division 1
Intrinsically Safe (i, ia)
Other Acceptable Equipment
Class 1, Division 2
Class 1, Division 1
Flame Proof (d)
Increased Safety (e)
Encapsulation (m)
Oil Immersed (o)
Pressurized (p)
Intrinsically Safe (i, ia, ib)
Sand Filled (q)
Non-Sparking (nX)
Non-Incendive
Other Acceptable Equipment

7. Acceptable Equipment For Class 1, Locations
Zone System
Class 1, Zone 0
Intrinsically Safe (i, ia)
Class 1, Zone 1
Class 1, Zone 0
Class 1, Division 1
Flame Proof (d)
Increased Safety (e)
Encapsulation (m)
Oil Immersed (o)
Pressurized (p)
Intrinsically Safe (i, ia, ib)
Sand Filled (q)
Other Acceptable Equipment
Class 1, Zone 2
Class 1, Zone 0 & 1
Class 1, Division 1 & 2
Non-Sparking (nX)
Non-Incendive
Other Acceptable Equipment

8. Hazardous Location Equipment Design
Methods of Protection
Two Types
Containment - Explosion Proof
Prevention - Explosion Protected

9. Elements Required For An Explosion
FUEL
HEAT
The Fire Triangle
OXYGEN

10. Combustible Dust Dispersion Confinement Oxygen in Air/Oxidizers
Deflagration
Explosion
FIRE
SUSPENSION
in air
FUEL
OXYGEN
HEAT
CONFINEMENT
Oxygen in Air/Oxidizers
Combustible Dust
Ignition Source

11. Methods Of Protection Ex “d”
Flameproof or Explosion Proof
Contains Explosion
Vents Explosive Gases
Flame Paths Cool Escaping Gases Below Ignition Temperature of Surrounding Atmosphere
Minimal Damage Should Be Caused to the Internal Components

12. Methods Of Protection That “Contain an Explosion”
All Bolts Must Be Installed
Metal To Metal Joints
All Ten Thousand of the Buggers
Extra Care must be Taken
Housing “Contains” Explosion

13. Methods Of Protection That “Contain an Explosion”
Miniature Explosion Proof Housing
Metal Explosion Proof Enclosure

14. Key Difference In Zone/IEC Vs. Division Approach
Problem – Field Poured Sealing Fittings

15. Key Difference In Zone/IEC Vs. Division Approach
Sealing Is Integral To The Device
No Sealing Fittings
Enclosure Not Compromised
Terminals Are Increased Safety
Seal Molded Into Housing
This Is Not a Hermetically Sealed Device
Hermetically Sealed Units Use A Glass Tube With a Contact Inside Operated by Magnets
Lower Ratings and Less Reliable

16. Methods Of Protection Ex “e”
Increased Safety
Additional Protection Is Given to Components to Prevent Excessive Temperatures or Arcs and Sparks
Used in Terminals, Motor & Lighting Fixtures
Terminals Cannot Vibrate Loose or Deform the Conductor
Have Increased Creepage and Clearances 

17. Methods Of Protection Ex “i, ia, or ib”
Intrinsically Safe or Intrinsic Safety
“Systems Approach”
Limits Energy in the Circuit.
Protected By Zener Diode Barrier
Ex ‘i’ Is CSA Standard & Is The Same As Ex ia
Ex ia, & Ex i Tolerate Two Faults
Ex ib Tolerate One Fault

18. Methods Of Protection Ex “q”
Powder or Sand Filled
The Enclosure Is Filled With Sand or Ground Glass
Displaces Hazardous Gases
Isolates Hot or Arcing Components

19. Methods Of Protection Ex “m”
Encapsulation
Arcing Components Are Sealed in a Resin
No Gas Can Come Into Contact With Arcing Device

20. Methods Of Protection Ex “o”
Oil Immersion
Arcing Components Are Submersed in Oil

21. Methods Of Protection Ex “p”
Purged or Pressurized
Clean Air or Inert Gas Is Passed Through the Enclosure
Electrical Equipment Is Interlocked With Purging

22. Methods Of Protection Ex “nX”
Non Sparking
Non Sparking,
Low Energy, (Non-incendive)
Restricted Breathing
Simple Pressurization
Contained Spark Equipment (Hermetically Sealed) X
Zone 2 Only

23. Multiple Methods Of Protection
Products May Use Multiple Protection Methods
Contact Block - Ex de IIC T6
Flameproof Contact Chamber
Increase Safety Terminals
Light Fixture - Ex deq IIC T4
Contact Block - Ex de IIC T6
Flameproof Contact Chamber
Increase Safety Terminals
Sand Filled Ballast

24. Major Differences When Working on Live Units

25. Advantages to Zone Equipment

26. Advantages to Zone Equipment

27. Advantages to Zone Equipment

28. Advantages to Zone Equipment

29. Advantages to Zone Equipment

30. Major Differences When Working on Live Units

31. The Rest of the IEC Standards
Canada has adopted only a portion
The CEC References Many more
e.g. IEC
As OBIEC Begins to be used more, more IEC Standards will be used or referenced.
Those working on international projects or equipment need to understand the rest of the series.

32.
Explosive atmospheres - Part 0: Equipment - General requirements
Explosive atmospheres - Part 1: Equipment protection by flameproof enclosures "d"
Explosive atmospheres - Part 2: Equipment protection by pressurized enclosures "p"
Explosive atmospheres - Part 5: Equipment protection by powder filling "q"
Explosive atmospheres - Part 6: Equipment protection by oil immersion "o"
Explosive atmospheres - Part 7: Equipment protection by increased safety "e"
Explosive atmospheres - Part 10-1: Classification of areas - Explosive gas atmospheres
Explosive atmospheres - Part 10-2: Classification of areas - Combustible dust atmospheres
Explosive atmospheres - Part 11: Equipment protection by intrinsic safety "i"
Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres – Part 13: Equipment protection by pressurized room "p"
Explosive atmospheres - Part 14: Electrical installations design, selection and erection
Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres - Part 15: Equipment protection by type of protection "n" TR
Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres – Part 16: Artificial for protection of analyzer(s) houses

33.
Explosive atmospheres - Part 17: Electrical installations inspection and maintenance
Explosive atmospheres - Part 18: Equipment protection by encapsulation "m"
Explosive atmospheres - Part 19: Equipment repair, overhaul and reclamation
Explosive atmospheres - Part 26: Equipment with equipment protection level (EPL) Ga
Explosive atmospheres - Part 28: Protection of equipment and transmission systems using optical radiation
Explosive atmospheres - Part 29-1: Gas detectors - Performance requirements of detectors for flammable gases
Explosive atmospheres - Part 29-2: Gas detectors - Selection, installation, use and maintenance of detectors for flammable gases and oxygen
Explosive atmospheres - Part 29-3: Gas detectors - Requirements for functional safety of fixed gas detection systems
Part 29-4: Gas detectors - Performance requirements of open path detectors for flammable gases
Explosive atmospheres - Part 30-1: Electrical resistance trace heating - General and testing requirements
Explosive atmospheres - Part 30-2: Electrical resistance trace heating - Application guide for design, installation and maintenance
Explosive atmisoheres - Part 31: Equipment dust ignition protection by enclosure "t"

34.
Explosive atmospheres - Part 32-1: Electrostatic hazards, Guidance
Explosive atmospheres - Part 32-2: Electrostatics hazards - Tests
Explosive atmospheres - Part 33: Equipment protection by special protection ‘s’
Explosive atmospheres – Part 35-1: Caplights for use in mines susceptible to firedamp – General requirements – Construction and testing in relation to the risk of explosion
Explosive atmospheres - Part 35-2: Caplights for use in mines susceptible to firedamp - Performance and other safety-related matters
60079-xx
Explosive atmospheres - Requirements for Process Sealing Between Flammable or Combustible Process Fluids and Electrical Systems.
Electrical apparatus for use in the presence of combustible dust - Part 0: General requirements
Electrical apparatus for use in the presence of combustible dust - Part 11: Protection by intrinsic safety 'iD'
Electrical Apparatus for Use in the Presence of Combustible Dust -Part 1-1: Electrical Apparatus Protected by Enclosures and Surface Temperature Limitation - Specification for Apparatus
Electrical apparatus for use in the presence of combustible dust - Part 2: Test methods - Section 1: Methods for determining the minimum ignition temperatures of dust
Electrical apparatus for use in the presence of combustible dust - Part 2: Test methods - Section 3: Method for determining minimum ignition energy of dust/air mixtures

35.
Electrical apparatus for use in the presence of combustible dust - Part 4: Type of protection "pD" TS
Electrical apparatus for use in the presence of combustible dust - Part 2: Test methods - Section 2: Method for determining the electrical resistivity of dust in layers

36. IEC Standards Development
Issues:
For Manufacturers and Users
Certification for IECEx allows the use of one Standard Back from Current Edition
While recertification may not be necessary, There are many Issues with Out of Date Certifications
This Adds Costs Which are Typically Passed on to End User
Canadian Interests
IEC Standards Development Dominated by EU Countries
Largely Testing Agencies
Some Manufacturers
IEC Does Not Understand out system

37. IEC Standards Development
The US has a Large National Committee
Comment on most IEC Standards
Chair or Secretary of Several
Watching out for US Interests
Canada Has two or three
Canada is at risk of losing it’s P-status
We need more members

38. Integrated Committee on Hazardous Location Products (ICHLP)
Call For Members
Review IEC Documents
Add Comments
Participate in ICHL Meetings
No to be Held in Calgary
Contact

39. Questions