1. Path Analysis SPSS/AMOS

2. Theory of Planned Behavior

3. Zero-Order Correlations
PATH-INGRAM.sav data file from SPSS data page.
Attitude
SubNorm
PBC
Intent
Behavior
1.000
.472
.665
.767
.525
.505
.411
.379
.458
.496
.503

4. Predicting Behavior Beta t Sig. (Constant) -1.089 .281 Intent .350
Beta t
Sig.
(Constant)
-1.089
.281
Intent
.350
2.894
.005
PBC
.336
2.781
.007

5. Predicting Intention Beta t Sig. (Constant) 2.137 .037 Attitude .807
Beta t
Sig.
(Constant)
2.137
.037
Attitude
.807
6.966
.000
SubNorm
.095
.946
.348
PBC
-.126
-1.069
.290

6. Path Diagram

7. AMOS Graphics
Click Analyze, IBM SPSS AMOS. In the AMOS window which will open click File, New:

9. Draw That Path Diagram
Click on the “Draw observed variables” icon which I have circled on the image two slides above.
Move the cursor over into the drawing space on the right.
Hold down the left mouse button while you move the cursor to draw a rectangle. Release the mouse button.

10. Icons

11. Duplicate Icons Draw one rectangle.
Now click the Duplicate Objects icon, boxed in black on the slide above
Point at that rectangle, hold down the left mouse button while you move to the desired location for the second rectangle, and release the mouse button.

12. Altering/Moving Objects
Change the Shape of Objects
Click the icon
Click the object and move the mouse.
Move Objects
Click the icon Click the object and move the mouse

13. Set Object Properties Click on the “List variables in data set” icon.
Drag and drop variable names to the boxes.
To view/edit object properties, right-click the object and select Object Properties

15. Draw Paths Click on the “Draw paths” icon.
Draw a path from Attitude to Intent (hold down the left mouse button at the point you wish to start the path and then drag it to the ending point and release the mouse button).
The borders of the objects being connected will change color when selected.

16. Draw Covariances Click on the “Draw Covariances” icon.
Draw a covariance from SubNorm to Attitude.
Use the “Change the shape of objects” tool to increase or decrease the arc of these covariances.

17. Adding An Unique Variable
Click on the “Add a unique variable to an existing variable” icon.
Move the cursor over the Intent variable and click the left mouse button to add the error variable.
Right-click the error circle leading to Intent, select Object Properties, and name the variable “e1.”

18. Analysis Properties
Click the “Analysis properties” icon -- to display the Analysis Properties window. Select the Output tab and ask for the output shown below.

21. Conduct the Analysis
Finish drawing the path diagram (illustrated earlier) and then
Click on the “Calculate estimates” icon.
In the “Save As” window browse to the desired folder and give the file a name.
Click Save.

22. One or More Variables Not Named
You may get this error even when every variable in the model is named.
In my experience, you might as well start over from scratch at this point.
Suggested curses can be found at

23. OK, Stop Cussing
In BlackBoard, go to Documents, Structural Equation Modeling & Path Analysis, Path Analysis Files.
Download the files.
Open Path-Ingram.sav in SPSS.
Analyze, AMOS
File, Open, Path-Ingram.amw
Calculate Estimates

24. View the Output Path Diagram
Click the icon outlined in red below.
The one to the left will display the input path diagram.

25. Standardize the Coefficients
Click “Standardized estimates.”

27. Export the Path Diagram
Click the “Copy the path diagram to the clipboard icon. Open a Word document or photo editor and paste in the path diagram.

28. View the Output Details
Click the “View text” icon.

29. Export the Details
The Copy to Clipboard icon (green dot, above) can be used to copy the output to another document via the clipboard.

30. 2 Output Chi-square = .847 Degrees of freedom = 2
Probability level = .655
The null here is that our model fits the data just as well as a saturated model (one with every variable connected to every other variable).

31. R2 Variable Estimate Intent .600 Behavior .343
Estimate
Intent
.600
Behavior
.343
These are for Intention predicted from Attitude, Subjective Norms, and Perceived Behavioral Control, and
Behavior predicted from Intention and Perceived Behavioral Control.

32. Standardized Direct Effects
SubNorm
PBC
Attitude
Intent
.095
-.126
.807
.000
Behavior
.336
.350
These are all shown in the path diagram.

33. Standardized Indirect Effects
SubNorm
PBC
Attitude
Intent
.000
Behavior
.033
-.044
.282
These are products of coefficients. For example, Attitude to Behavior is .81(.35) = .28.

34. Goodness of Fit Indices
GFI = .994.
This tells you what proportion of the variance in the sample variance-covariance matrix is accounted for by the model.
This should exceed .9 for a good model.
For the saturated model it will be a perfect 1.

35. The Normed Fit Index (NFI)
NFI = or higher is good.
Compares our model to the independence model (a model with no paths or covariances)
The Comparative Fit Index (CFI) is similar, and good with smaller samples.
CFI = 1.000

36. Root Mean Square Error of Approximation
Estimates lack of fit compared to the saturated model.
RMSEA of .05 or less indicates good fit, and .08 or less adequate fit.
RMSEA here is .000.