1. 20-1 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Chapter 2020 Understanding Money and Financial Institutions 20-1

2. 20-2 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. The Federal Reserve

3. 20-3 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Federal Reserve Structure Board of Governors 7 Members Advisory Councils 3 Members Banking Districts, Consumers & Mbr Institutions Federal Open Market Committee Policy-making 12 Members Federal Reserve Banks 12 Regional Banks Member Banks

4. 20-4 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Regional Reserve Banks

5. 20-5 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. The Federal Reserve The Banker’s Bank Holds the deposits of commercial banks and makes loans to banks that need additional funds

6. 20-6 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. The Money Supply Currency Demand Deposits = Total M1 + Time Deposits & Money Market Accts. Total M2 + =

7. 20-7 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. The Money Supply The Money Supply Why Do We Care?

8. 20-8 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Control of the Money Supply

9. 20-9 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Fed Regulates Money Supply Increase / Reduce Money Supply Increase / Reduce Money Supply I.Reserve Requirement II.Open Market Operations III.Discount Rate

10. 20-10 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. I. Reserve Requirement Percentage of commercial bank’s checking and savings accounts that must be physically kept in this bank or as a non- interest-bearing deposit at the local Federal Reserve district bankPercentage of commercial bank’s checking and savings accounts that must be physically kept in this bank or as a non- interest-bearing deposit at the local Federal Reserve district bank Most powerful toolMost powerful tool

11. 20-11 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. II. Open-Market Operations Involves buying and selling of U.S. Government bonds by the Fed with goal of regulating money supplyInvolves buying and selling of U.S. Government bonds by the Fed with goal of regulating money supply Most commonly used toolMost commonly used tool

12. 20-12 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. III. Discount Rate Interest rate that Fed charges for loans to member banks Member banks borrow money from the Fed and pass it on to their customers – Prime Rate Fed also sets the rate that banks charge each other – Federal Funds Rate

13. 20-13 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Fed Regulates Money Supply Increase Money Supply Reduce Reserve Requirement Buy Government Bonds Decrease Discount Rate Expand Reduce Money Supply Increase Reserve Requirement Sell Government Bonds Increase Discount Rate Slow Down

14. 20-14 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. American Banking System – –Commercial Banks – –Savings and Loan Associations/Thrifts – –Credit Unions

15. 20-15 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Commercial Banks Profit-making organizations that receive deposits from individuals and corporations in the form of checking and savings accounts and then uses some of these funds to make loans State or Federally Chartered Two types of customers: – –Borrowers and Depositors

16. 20-16 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Savings and Loans (S&Ls) Accepts both savings and checking deposits and provides home mortgage loans Often known as Thrift Institutions Offered higher interest rates to attract funds

17. 20-17 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Credit Unions Not-for-profit, member- owned financial cooperatives that offer the full variety of banking services to their members State or Federally chartered Have exemption from federal income taxes

18. 20-18 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. American Banking System Non-Depository – –Life Insurance Companies – –Pension Funds – –Brokerage Firms – –Finance Companies

19. 20-19 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. How the Government Protects Your Funds

20. 20-20 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. How the Government Protects Your Funds - - FDIC - - $250,000/Account - - SAIF(FSLIC) - - $250,000/Account - - NCUA - - $250,000/Account

21. 20-21 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. International Banking Letter of Credit – –Promise to pay seller given amount if certain conditions met

22. 20-22 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Understanding Business, 7/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. International Banking International Monetary Fund (IMF) Established to assist in the smooth flow of money among all nations Monitors the monetary policies of member nations to ensure a global monetary system that works best for all nations.