1. Phase 1: Microbial Trackdown Study Onondaga Environmental Institute 102 W. Division St., 3 rd Fl. Syracuse, NY 13204 And Onondaga County Department of Water Environment Protection 650 Hiawatha Blvd. Syracuse, NY 13204

2. Phase I Microbial Trackdown Study Funded by Onondaga County through Environmental Benefits Fund ($145k) Project oversight by NYSDEC Involved parties: Onondaga Nation – USEPA NYS Law Dept.– NYSDEC Onondaga Co. – City of Syracuse ASLF – OEI

3. Background Onondaga Creek Revitalization Plan Examined fecal coliform and rainfall data 2000-2007 200 cfu/100 mL exceeded on annual average basis of dry weather days: 16% at Dorwin Ave 75% at Kirpatrick St. CSO’s not solely responsible for bacteria release Proposal to OLP in 2008 by OEI and OCDWEP Sept. 2008: Phase I Sept. 2009: Phase I supplemental

4. Comparison of Onondaga Creek Waters to Value of 200 cfu/100mL for Pathogens All data collected by Onondaga County between January 1, 2000 and Dec. 31, 2006. Weather data are collected at Metro sewage treatment plant. Weather condition: Dry Weather Days per year: 215 d/yr Light Precipitation 73 d/yr Heavy Precipitation 77 d/yr 34days 181days 14days 59days 48days 29days 162days 54days 55days 18days 73days 4days

5. Purpose Identify urban and rural sources Measure season and spatial variability Trace point source and non-point source releases Pipes Agricultural runoff Septic systems Sediment flux Age of Syracuse Sewer System, OEI 2010

6. Methods Sampling Period: Phase 1: Sept. 2008 – June 2009 Phase 1 supplemental: Sept. 2009 – Nov. 2009 Dry weather only (< 0.08 inches of rain in previous 48 h) Four tasks: 1. Routine sampling 2. Temporal sampling 3. Point source identification 4. Tributary trackdown

7. 1. Routine Sampling Onondaga CreekHarbor Brook Bridge sampling 8 events Sept – Nov. 2008 2 events April – May 2009 Parameters: Fecal coliform Water quality: temp, DO, pH, conductivity, turbidity.

8. Routine Sampling Locations

9. 2. Temporal Onondaga CreekHarbor Brook

10. 3. Point Source Identification Initial Any pipe, culvert, storm drain, crack in concrete “Appreciable” discharge - ~1 L/min Follow-up F. coli > 1000 cfu/100 mL E. coli > 235 cell/100 mL New sources ID’ed Supplemental 46 target sources initially Then only where F. coli > 200 cfu/100 mL

11. Harbor Brook Accessed by: Stream bank Wading

12. Onondaga Creek Accessed by canoe

13. Spring BrookCity Line BrookSpring BrookCity Line Brook 4. Tributary Trackdown April 8 & 22, 2009 Sept. 21 & Nov. 19, 2009 F. coli, E. coli, water quality TributarySites Kimber BrookOutlet + 1 upstream Cold BrookOutlet + 2 upstream Hopper Brook (S)Outlet + 1 upstream Spring Brook diversionOutlet City Line/Spring BrookOutlet + 3 upstream Hopper Brook (N)Outlet + 5 upstream

15. 1. Routine: Harbor Brook (2008-2009)

16. 1. Routine: Onondaga Creek (2008-2009)

17. Routine Summary Harbor Brook Onondaga Creek Bacteria levels relatively low 2 samples > 1000 cfu/100 mL Upstream of Velasko Rd., F. coli ≤ 210 cfu/100 mL 38.5% of samples > 200 cfu/100 mL No consistent pattern Bacteria levels typically low < 500 cfu/100 mL Elevated levels observed at Dorwin October, 31 2008 ≥ 900 cfu/100 mL Levels highly variable downstream of Dorwin Ave. 40 – 5000 cfu/100 mL Identified & repaired sewage inputs: Gifford St. collapsed pipe Midland Ave. collapsed pipe

18. Temporal Sampling Events October 20, 2009 – Onondaga Creek Pulse releases Post-peak bacteria levels recede, but not to pre- release conditions

19. 2. Temporal (& routine 2008-2009)

20. Temporal Summary Harbor Brook Onondaga Creek One spike at Velasko Rd. 2300 cfu/100 mL No spikes observed at Fowler HS or Hiawatha Blvd. All other samples < 420 cfu/100 mL No correlation between parameters ≥ 1 pulse(s) of bacteria from upstream source Water quality relatively consistent, did not show sudden changes Consistent w/ task 1 Sources btwn. Elmhurst and Dorwin Aves. 2 additional events Oct. 2009 Similar pattern as in May and June 2009 Bacteria 2x’s as high Single intermittent source upstream of Clary Middle School footbridge

22. Point Source Summary: Harbor Brook 11 of 13 PS’s F. coli < 100 cfu/100 mL High variability Point sources of concern: PSFall 2008Spring 2009Fall 2009Source HB- PS100 15,500 cfu/100 mL Not detectableGroundwater, storm water, CSO078 HB- PS101B Non-detect58,000 cfu/100 mL CSO018 HB- PS103 500 cfu/100 mL Non-detectPossible cross- connection HB- PS112 < 1000 cfu/100 mL

23. Harbor Brook Point Sources of Concern HB-PS100 [CSO 078] - Laundromat repair, confirmation needed HB-PS101b [CSO 018] - Groundwater infiltration HB-PS103 - DePalma St cross connect, not located HB-PS112 - Potential release at Hiawatha Blvd HBIS reconstruction may mitigate, follow-up recommended

24. Sewer Failures/Breaks 1. Sept 19, 2008 (or earlier?) – Oct 15, 2008 1. Collapsed pipe at Gifford St. 2. Continuous discharge >>> CSO 036 3. Volume/duration is unknown 2. April 11 - 20, 2009 Collapsed trunk sewer at Midland Ave. & W. Corning Ave. Continuous discharge >>> CSO 067 (Newell St.) Volume = 4.5 million gal

25. Gifford Street Sewer Collapse

26. Post Gifford Street Sewer Repair

27. Fecal coliform concentrations (cfu/100mL) & Flow (estimated gpm) Onondaga Creek Point Sources

28. Average point source load discharged into Onondaga Creek within a 12-hour period (Sampling period September 2008 - November 2009) Onondaga Creek Point Sources

29. Point Source Summary: Onondaga Creek 6 sources – significant discharge in fall (250-3600 cfu/100 mL FC); not flowing in spring 10 sources > 200 cfu/100 mL 3 > 10,000 cfu/100 mL OC-PS21 & OC-PS61 consistently > 10,000 cfu/100 mL OC-PS22 & OC-PS23 consistently > 1000 cfu/100 mL 11 sources identified as potential concern and recommended for follow-up OEI Point Source Code Number of samples Average concentration (cfu / 100mL)¹ Load in cfu for 12hr period² OC-PS2566,861,667 652,557,798 OC-PS0351,657 31,513 OC-PS051200 3,804 OC-PS07250 47,551 OC-PS08110 951 OC-PS69160,000 114,122,326 OC-PS10110 9,510 OC-PS1161,199 114,059 OC-PS12110 190 OC-PS13110 9,510 OC-PS15110 9,510 OC-PS532473 8,987 OC-PS17110 9,510 OC-PS54110 9,510 OC-PS71125,000 2,377,548 OC-PS701120 114,122 OC-PS77130 57,061 OC-PS554547 51,973 OC-PS56110 19,020 OC-PS57220 1,902 OC-PS58210 9,510 OC-PS18110 9,510 OC-PS1911,909 36,310 OC-PS59110 9,510 OC-PS60110 951 OC-PS271100 9,510 OC-PS2041,350 128,388 OC-PS61735,471 3,373,402 OC-PS635536 50,956 OC-PS731100 9,510 OC-PS2171,322,987 125,818,628 OC-PS7616,000 570,612 OC-PS65373 69,741 OC-PS22420,450 1,944,835 OC-PS23104,177 7,945,577 OC-PS66210 9,510 OC-PS68210 9,510 OC-PS673177 16,801

30. Onondaga Creek Point Sources of Concern * major sources *OC-PS25 - City repair at Longmeadow & Hilton Streets *OC-PS69 [CSO 067] - sewer collapse & repair OC-PS11 - High levels, sporadic source OC-PS71 - Limited data: High levels - sporadic source OC-PS70 - Limited data OC-PS20 [CSO 037] - Potentially high concentration - continuous very low to low flow – Byrne Dairy release Follow-up Recommended

31. Onondaga Creek Point Sources of Concern * major sources OC-PS61 - Very high levels-continuous low flow *OC-PS21 - severe levels-continuous low flow OC-PS76 [CSO 028] -Limited data: high levels-continuous low flow OC-PS22 – Very high levels–sporadic source OC-PS23 [CSO 080, EBSS] – High level-continuous moderate flow (ACJ 4th stipulation) Follow-up Recommended

32. Supply Water Leaks (No evidence of sewage) OC-PS17 OC-PS54 OC-PS56 OC-PS59 OC-PS60 OC-PS20 [CSO 037] Follow-up Recommended

33. 4. Tributary Trackdown Fall 2008 3 tributaries > 4000 cfu/100 mL Trackdown results (2009) Hopper Brook North consistently btwn 200-550 cfu/100 mL Hopper Brook South, Spring Brook diversion (PS03), & City Line Brook Bacteria levels varied Kimber Brook, Spring Brook, & Cold Brook Bacteria free

34. Phase 1 Conclusions & Recommendations Identified sources of concern in Harbor Brook, Onondaga Creek & Tribs Systems showed spatial and temporal variability Better understanding (multiple causes)of dry weather discharges (residual CSO, ex-filtration to sub sewers/cross connects, or infiltration) Identified and subsequently remedied several bacteria sources More rigorous sampling design and analysis strategy Compliance benchmark – added events to AMP sites AMP sort data by dry v. wet weather OC flow control verify dry weather discharge at CSOs at manhole More comprehensive mapping Focus on dry-weather conditions, yet interpret alongside CSO monitoring Shared information Add/focus on priority point-source sampling

35. Moving Forward… Phase 2 Microbial Trackdown Study: June 2012 Onondaga Creek, Harbor Brook, & Ley Creek Tasks 1. Routine & Priority Point Source – 3x’s/mo. 2. Temporal 3. Point Source Identification 4. Tributary Trackdown Upper Onondaga Creek 21 sites upstream of Dorwin Ave. 20 events June – Sept. 2012