1. Fleet Manpower Requirements
Introduction to Code 40

2. Manpower/Manning Definition
Manpower (RQMT)
The minimum billets required to accomplish 100% of the mission within the scenario defined in the ROC/POE
Manning (COB)
The people onboard during morning muster
Shipboard personnel execute the mission of the ship in a countless number of scenarios
Shipboard responsibilities, including watch stations, are adjusted to meet the operating environment (scenario) and mission
When discussing manpower concerns, quite often the discussion will transition between manpower and manning. The two are very distinct and different. Manpower is based on a well defined equation and standards. These standards provide a solid constant basis from which manpower is determined. Manpower requirements provide a snap shot in time of the minimum billets required to accomplish 100% of the mission within a defined scenario in the ROC/POE. Manning, on the other hand, is quite different and dynamic. Manning requirements can change almost by the hour, based on the existing scenario. There are a countless number of scenarios that ships operate in and they can even operate in several of these scenarios in one day. As we all know, sailors have a can do attitude and will adjust to the environment to ensure that regardless of the scenario, the primary mission will get done.

3. Manpower vs. Manning RQMT BA NMP COB NMP SMD/FMD BA EDVR/ODCR MUSTER
“READINESS GAP”
WARTIME
NMP
BILLETS
RQMT’S
AUTHORIZED
PERSONNEL
CURRENT
ASSIGNED
ONBOARD
SMD/FMD BA
EDVR/ODCR
MUSTER
“MANPOWER”
“PLACES”
“MANNING”
“FACES”

4. Ship Manpower Requirements
Manpower requirements displayed in SMD/FMD/AMDs and are written to:
Minimum Skill
Minimum Pay Grade
Minimum Quantity
To Accomplish 100% of Mission
in a Defined Scenario (ROC/POE)
Manpower requirements are contained in Ship Manpower Documents (SMD), Fleet Manpower Documents (FMD), and Activity Manpower Documents (AMD). Manpower documents are a reflection of the minimum manpower in skill, paygrade, and quantity to accomplish 100% of the mission as defined in the ROC/POE.

5. Why wartime?- It’s The Law of the Land
Mission Requirements
Why wartime?- It’s The Law of the Land
Title 10, Subtitle C, Part I, Chapter 507, Section 5062
“The Navy shall be organized, trained, and equipped primarily for prompt and sustained combat incident to operations at sea. It is responsible for the preparation of naval forces necessary for the effective prosecution of war.”
Title 10, Subtitle A, Part II, Chapter 39, Section 691
“The end-strengths specified ... are the minimum strength necessary to enable the armed forces to fulfill a national defense strategy ... Successfully conduct two nearly simultaneous major regional contingencies.”
Title 10, Section 117
“Readiness reporting shall include..the capability of units... to conduct their wartime missions.”
The first step in manpower production is a review of the ROC/POE. The ROC/POE is the document by which the Navy articulates National Defense Strategies into operational capabilities.
The question has recently been asked “why do we use a defined scenario (mission) of at-sea in wartime when determining manpower requirements?” What seems like the obvious answer, ships are designed for a specific purpose (i.e. go to sea and fight) and they should be manned that way, is supported through the force and power of law. The answer is because USC Title 10 states that the Navy shall be organized, trained, and equipped primarily for prompt and sustained combat incident to operations at sea. It also states that the Navy is responsible for the preparation of naval forces necessary for the effective prosecution of war.
Different chapters of this same Title require the Navy to maintain the minimum strengths necessary to enable the armed forces to fulfill a national defense strategy that calls for two nearly simultaneous major regional conflicts and to report readiness based on its ability to conduct its wartime missions.
The law of the land requires manpower for ships to be based on the minimum required for combat operations at sea to win two nearly simultaneous regional contingencies.
These laws drive the scenarios used in the derivation of Conditions of Readiness found in the ROC/POE guidance.

6. ROC/POE ROC/POE: Wartime Mission, Function and Tasking Statements
Scenario
Expected Operating Environment
Capabilities to be Achieved
Full
Limited
The first step in manpower production is review of the ROC/POE. The ROC/POE is the document by which the Navy articulate National Defense Strategies into an operational document. It contains a detailed description of wartime mission, function, and tasking statements. It describes the scenario and expected operating environment. The largest and most detailed portion of the ROC/POE is the ROC, which contains individual ROC elements. Each ROC element describes specific capabilities, either full or limited, to be achieved.

7. Ship Manpower Methodology
Enlisted Manpower
Determination
Now lets get into the specifics of how enlisted manpower requirements are determined.

8. Operational Manning Watch Stations (OM)
Established for Conditions of Readiness
Readiness States for staffs
Essential operating stations
Minimum skill level
Watch station must conform to the designed capability of the ship and the ROC/POE.
Only limitation on how to man watch stations is imagination and assignment of risk.
The first type of workload we’ll look at is Operational Manning, also called watch stations. Watch stations are established based on the Conditions of Readiness articulated in the class ROC/POE. In most cases, this includes at least Condition I (General Quarters) and Condition III (Wartime Steaming). Other Conditions of Readiness may be used as needed based on the mission and class of ship. Only essential operating stations are included in the Watch Station Standard (WSS). Even though some watch stations may be nice to have, if they are not essential, they will not be displayed in the WSS. Watch stations are always written to the minimum skill level based on Occupational Standards and NEC requirements. It must be emphasized that when NAVMAC writes a Battle Bill to be used in a manpower document, the watch stations it contains will conform to the mission description contained in the ROC/POE. The only limitation on how to man watch stations is the imagination of the ROC/POE writer and the assignment of risk. When writing a ROC/POE, a certain amount of risk is assigned. However, onboard a ship, when the Commanding Officer decides not to stand a particular watch station, he is assuming risk. The level of risk that a Commanding Officer can assume is great than the level of risk that he should be assigned.

9. Define Designed Capability
Instructions & Directives
Combat Systems Doctrine
Engineering Dept Organization Regulation Manual
Surface Ship Survivability Manual
Naval Training Systems Plans
NATOPS
On-site observation
Fleet input including ships, staffs, CINCs, TYCOMs, and Warfare Sponsors
Experience of the analysts
When defining designed capability, several factors are considered. Some of the source documents used are the Combat Systems Doctrine, Engineering Department Organization Regulation Manual, Surface Ship Survivability Manual, and Navy Training Systems Plans. It must be stressed that all of these documents are used as entering arguments only and are not used explicitly in manpower documents. This is because several of these documents contain conflicting data and the manpower and/or watch stations contained in them do not comply with manpower development policies. In addition to using source documents, other sources of data used to define the designed capability of a ship or system include; on-site observation by NAVMAC analysts, fleet input from ships, staffs, CINCs, Tycoms, and Warfare Sponsors, plus the experience of NAVMAC analysts. The analysts at NAVMAC are all experienced (mostly E7 & above) sailors with many years of sea duty, and in most cases will be returning to sea duty following their tour at NAVMAC.

10. Maintenance
Preventive Maintenance (PM)
Taken from the 3-M System
Current SFR
Corrective Maintenance (CM)
Facilities Maintenance (FM)
Cleanliness
Preservation
As technology improves, tasks performed manually will be automated and operator workload is reduced. Maintenance workload may either increase or decrease. Both operator and maintenance workload will probably increase in quality.
The next category of work is maintenance. There are three types of maintenance workload; Preventive (PM), Corrective (CM), and Facilities (FM). PM is taken directly from the 3M System. A preventive maintenance deck from the current SFR is maintained at NAVMAC for every class of ship. Prior to using this PM data, one ship in the class provides copies of each division 43P1 with line-outs and equipment counts (EGLs). This data is entered into the master PM data base and PM workload is established. CM workload is a ratio of PM. The ratios are; 1:1 (1 hour of CM for every hour of PM) for electrical, electronic, and steam propulsion checks while a ratio of 2:1 (1 hour of CM for every 2 hours of PM) is used for mechanical checks. A ratio of PM is used for CM since no reliable source of CM information is available. FM is the work hours associated with cleaning and preservation of the ship. FM is computed to a minimum standard and does not include field days or other non-routine cleaning functions. A trend that has been seen in recent years is that as technology improves, tasks performed manually have been automated and operator workload is reduced. Maintenance workload may either increase or decrease in quantity. As advances in technology are made, the quality of both operators and maintainers will probably increase.

11. Own Unit Support OUS Administration Command Supply Medical
Environmental management
Evolutions
Own Unit Support (OUS) includes workload associated with administration, command, supply, medical, environmental management, and evolutions. OUS workload is predominately collected through the use of interviews with OPAUDITS. Some OUS workload is determined using staffing standards based on the ships population or other measurable criteria. An area which has experienced substantial growth in recent years, is environmental management. Environmental equipment has been installed on ships which requires both operators and maintainers. This is additional workload and manpower has increased. Some functions contained on a watch, quarter, and station bill but not included in a battle bill are termed evolutions. Some of these functions include sea & anchor detail, UNREP/VERTREP, flight quarters, boarding and salvage, etc.. Workload hours are determined for the evolutions and entered as OUS hours.

12. Allowances Productivity (Variable 2% - 8%) Make Ready/Put Away (30%)
Applied to all workload other than OM (watch stations) and PM
Allows for:
Fatigue
Environmental effects
Personal needs
Unavoidable interruptions
Make Ready/Put Away (30%)
Applied to PM only
Once all the workload is collected, two types of allowances are applied. The first type of allowance is a variable 2% to 8% Productivity Allowance (PA) assigned to all work other than watch stations and Preventive Maintenance (PM). This allowance accounts for fatigue, environmental effects, personal needs, and unavoidable interruptions (i.e. an imperfect world). Another way to look at this allowance is to imagine being asked to clean 1 desk, and you will be timed with a stop watch. This timed work is similar to the workload collected at an on-site. It is based on a single task. During the timed event (cleaning 1 desk), the elapsed time may be 4 minutes. But if I were to ask you to clean 100 desks in a room, the time needed would not be 100 times 4 minutes. The 4 minute time was based on 100% efficiency, which will obvious not occur when I increase the workload to 100 desks. Besides not being 100% efficient, other factors will influence the time required to clean the 100 desk including personal needs (i.e. bathroom), fatigue, and other interruptions. The other type of allowance is a 15% Make Ready/Put Away (MRPA) applied to PM. This allowance accounts for the time needed to gather tools, tag out systems, realign and tag in systems, and put tools away.

13. Directed Requirements
Requirement specified by CNO/OPNAV directives
Not necessarily driven by measured workload
Often based on population size or unique skill:
Command Master Chief
Command Career Counselor
Master-at-Arms (Brig Operation)
Medical (Doctor, Dentist)
Chaplain, Religious Programs Specialists (RPs)
Equal Opportunity Specialists
The next factor used in manpower determination is the addition of directed requirements (sometimes called directed skills) into NMRS. These are manpower requirements entered directly into NMRS based on CNO directives. These manpower requirements are needed to support a specific skill and not necessarily based on measured work. That doesn’t mean that these billet don’t work, it means regardless of work, these manpower requirements will be in a manpower document. These requirements are often based on the crew population. As an example, any ship with 250 enlisted manpower requirements or more will have a Command Master Chief. Other examples of directed requirements include NC’s, Doctors, Lawyers, Chaplains, and Nuclear Engineering Billets.

14. Navy Standard Workweek Afloat
Workweek = 168 Hours
Sleep (56)
Personal (14)
Messing (14)
OPNAVINST
Sunday Free (3) K
Service Diversion (4)
We’ve now measured the workload, realistically adjusted it, and now we need to apply it to a standard (divisor if you will) to arrive at the first cut of a number of billets.
The 168 weekly hours are divided as shown, leaving a total of 70 hours for productive work. A watch stander’s work hours are divided into 56 hours of watch and 14 of other work. Non-watch standers perform 70 hours of work.
TALK TO SLIDE
The first comment coming from most fleet sailors when seeing this slide for the first time is, Yea right! Eight hours of sleep a day, I wish! The Navy Standard Workweek Afloat is used as a divisor of work. It reflects a desired standard. It does not reflect what is actually being done at sea. Remember, the current onboard is less than the number produced by NAVMAC and as such, the crew works more hours. If the work week hours were increased to display what the sailor is doing today, the number of billets would decrease and work hours onboard would again increase.
Training (7)(i.e.GQ, not GMT)
Work (70)
(Watch Stander = 56 hrs watch, 14 hrs other work)

15. SMD/FMD Manpower Determination Process
PM, CM,
FM,
OUS, CS
Workload Standards
APPLY PRODUCTIVITY
ALLOWANCE & MAKE-READY/PUT AWAY TIME
PRODUCE
MANPOWER
DOCUMENT
SUM WORKLOAD
AND WATCHES
BY DIVISION
VALIDATE
SKILL BY
BILLET
BILLET
SPREAD
The manpower process is actually a mathematical calculation in which tens of thousands of entries (workload data) are entered into the Navy Manpower Requirements System (NMRS) computer with the solution being expressed as manpower requirements. All categories of work are dependant upon one another. No single category of workload functions independently. This aspect of the process must be fully understood.
WATCH BASE COMPARED TO DIRECTED SKILLS
Watch Station Standards
WATCHES

16. Determine Fleet Requirements Assumptions Drive The Requirement Answer
Policy Guidance
Fleet Manpower Requirements Determination Program (OPNAV N12)
Data Collection & Analysis
Law of the Land
(USC Title 10, DOD, SECNAV, OPNAV N1)
RQMT
Mission - ROC/POE
(Warfare Sponsor - AW, AMW, CCC, C2W, INT, MOB, NCO, USW, etc.)
Occupational Skills
OCCSTD
NEC
OUTPUT
Watches
INPUT
MeasuredWorkload
Work & Allowances
Optimization
Ship/Fleet Manpower Document
(CNO(N12), NAVMAC)
Configuration & Capabilities
(Program Sponsor and SYSCOMS)
Inputs in ‘YELLOW”, NMRS Process in “BLUE”, and Output in “GREEN”.
The framework for the NMRS process is governed by higher level law and DoD, SECNAC and OPNAV instructions. The NMRS process is constrained by the mission, configuration, capability, workload, manpower standards, and polices that derive the RQMT outcome. All of these inputs drive the RQMT onboard ships. Change any of the inputs and the outcome will change. These assumptions and the actual workload drive the RQMT answer. The determination process filters out workload not meeting the governing guidance.
WHAT DRIVES WORKLOAD?
Mission - ROC/POE - Warfare Sponsor (N7).
Configuration - Equipment Installation - NAVSEA.
Workload
PM/CM: CNO, NAVSEA, TYCOMS
FM: CNO, NAVSEA, TYCOMS (clean and paint to minimum acceptable standards)
OUS: CNO, TYCOMS, Community Managers, N12 (Admin, supply, clerical, medical, etc.)
NSWW/Allowances: N1
Policies
OPNAV (CNO) - QOL directed RQMTS (i.e. CMDCM, NC, MA, RP, etc.)
EDORM, NATOPS, NWP, NTSP - Navy’s philosophy for training & manning engineering spaces, repair lockers, flight deck, etc..
EDORM - Joint CNSL/CNSP Instruction
NATOPS - Naval Air Warfare Center
Class Tactical Manual - Surface Warfare Development Group
Surface Ship Survivability Manual - Surface Warfare Officer School
Combat Systems Doctrine - Joint TYCOM Instruction
NTSP - NAVSEA / SPAWAR
NECs- Technical Advisors (NAVSEA, SPAWAR, NAVAIR, COMNAVRESFOR, SPECWARCOM, NSG)
Rating Structure - SECNAV, N1, CNET, Community Manager (N13)
RESULTS
Properly assessed manpower
requirements based on
workload drivers
Policies
(Environmental, Officer, NSWW, SORM, NTSP, EDORM, CSD, NWP, NATOP, NSTM, 3M, etc )
THE KEY- CHANGING ANY OF THE INPUTS WILL CHANGE THE OUTPUT

17. Officer Manpower Determination
Ship Manpower Methodology
Officer Manpower
Determination
Now we’ll get into the procedures used to determine officer manpower requirements. These procedures are quite different from those used to determine enlisted manpower requirements.

18. Officer Manpower Determination
Officers exist for three reasons:
Command Authority
Commanding Officer
Executive Officer
Department Heads
Other Operational Assistants
Tactical Watch Stander
Special Skill/Knowledge
Public Affairs Officer
Medical
Lawyer
Chaplain
NAVMAC was tasked with developing a procedure for determining officer manpower requirements. The basis of the process NAVMAC now uses to determine officer manpower requirements is that officer exists for three reasons; command authority, tactical watch standing, or special skill & knowledge. The first step in determining officer manpower requirements is to determine what manpower is required to support command authority and special skills/knowledge. Once this is done, these officer manpower requirements are assigned to watch stations within the battle bill. If the officer manpower requirements needed for command authority and special skills/knowledge can fill all of the officer watch stations in the battle bill, then no additional officers are required. If watch stations remain to be filled, then officer manpower requirements must be added to support watch requirements.

19. Acquisition Projects
This page shows logos of the various acquisition programs we support, including DD 21, LPD 17, CVN 77, CVNX, JCC(X) and the new attack submarine. I will briefly discuss our involvement in each of these projects in the next few slides.

20. QUESTIONS?
Are there any questions?

21. CONTACT INFO
NAVY MANPOWER ANALYSIS CENTER
5722 INTEGRITY DRIVE
MILLINGTON, TN 38054
AFLOAT PROGRAMS DEPARTMENT
Commercial: (901) DSN:
FAX: Commercial: (901) DSN: 18