1. EXAMPLE 1 Find a positive slope Let (x 1, y 1 ) = (–4, 2) = (x 2, y 2 ) = (2, 6). m = y 2 – y 1 x 2 – x 1 6 – 2 2 – (–4) = = 4 6 2 3 = Simplify. Substitute. Write formula for slope. Find the slope of the line shown.

2. EXAMPLE 2 Write an equation from a graph GUIDED PRACTICE for Example 1 Find the slope of the line that passes through the points. ANSWER 3 1. (5, 2) and (4, –1)

3. Write an equation from a graph GUIDED PRACTICE for Example 1 2. (–2, 3) and (4, 6) 1 2 ANSWER Find the slope of the line that passes through the points.

4. Write an equation from a graph GUIDED PRACTICE for Example 1 3. (, 5) and (, –3) 9 2 1 2 ANSWER 2 Find the slope of the line that passes through the points.

5. EXAMPLE 2 Find a negative slope Find the slope of the line shown. m = y 2 – y 1 x 2 – x 1 Let (x 1, y 1 ) = (3, 5) and (x 2, y 2 ) = (6, –1). –1 – 5 6 – 3 = – 6 3 = = –2–2 Write formula for slope. Substitute. Simplify.

6. EXAMPLE 3 Find the slope of a horizontal line Find the slope of the line shown. Let (x 1, y 1 ) = (–2, 4) and (x 2, y 2 ) = (4, 4). m = y 2 – y 1 x 2 – x 1 4 – 4 4 – (–2) = 0 6 = = 0 Write formula for slope. Substitute. Simplify.

7. EXAMPLE 4 Find the slope of a vertical line Find the slope of the line shown. Let (x 1, y 1 ) = (3, 5) and (x 2, y 2 ) = (3, 1). m = y 2 – y 1 x 2 – x 1 Write formula for slope. 1 – 5 3 – 3 = Substitute. Division by zero is undefined. ANSWER Because division by zero is undefined, the slope of a vertical line is undefined. – 4 0 =

8. EXAMPLE 2 Write an equation from a graph GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples 2, 3 and 4 Find the slope of the line that passes through the points. 4. (5, 2) and (5, –2) ANSWERundefined

9. Write an equation from a graph GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples 2, 3 and 4 5. (0, 4) and (–3, 4) Find the slope of the line that passes through the points. 0 ANSWER

10. Write an equation from a graph GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples 2, 3 and 4 6. (0, 6) and (5, –4) Find the slope of the line that passes through the points. ANSWER –2–2

11. EXAMPLE 5 Find a rate of change INTERNET CAFE The table shows the cost of using a computer at an Internet cafe for a given amount of time. Find the rate of change in cost with respect to time. Time ( hours ) 246 Cost ( dollars ) 71421

12. EXAMPLE 5 Find a rate of change Rate of change = change in cost change in time 14 – 7 4 – 2 = 7 2 = 3.5 = ANSWER The rate of change in cost is $3.50 per hour. SOLUTION

13. Time ( minute ) 306090 Distance ( miles ) 1.534.5 GUIDED PRACTICE for Example 5 The table shows the distance a person walks for exercise. Find the rate of change in distance with respect to time. 7. EXERCISE ANSWER 0.05 mi / min

14. EXAMPLE 6 Use a graph to find and compare rates of change COMMUNITY THEATER A community theater performed a play each Saturday evening for 10 consecutive weeks. The graph shows the attendance for the performances in weeks 1, 4, 6, and 10. Describe the rates of change in attendance with respect to time.

15. SOLUTION EXAMPLE 6 Use a graph to find and compare rates of change Find the rates of change using the slope formula. Weeks 1–4: 232 – 124 4 – 1 = 108 3 = 36 people per week Weeks 4–6: 204 – 232 6 – 4 = –28 2 = –14 people per week Weeks 6–10: 72 – 204 10 – 6 = –132 4 = –33 people per week ANSWER Attendance increased during the early weeks of performing the play. Then attendance decreased, slowly at first, then more rapidly.

16. EXAMPLE 7 Interpret a graph COMMUTING TO SCHOOL A student commutes from home to school by walking and by riding a bus. Describe the student’s commute in words.

17. EXAMPLE 7 Interpret a graph The first segment of the graph is not very steep, so the student is not traveling very far with respect to time. The student must be walking. The second segment has a zero slope, so the student must not be moving. He or she is waiting for the bus. The last segment is steep, so the student is traveling far with respect to time. The student must be riding the bus. SOLUTION

18. EXAMPLE 7 Interpret a graph GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples 6 and 7 WHAT IF? How would the answer to Example 6 change if you knew that attendance was 70 people in week 12? 8. Sample answer: The attendance did not decrease as rapidly between weeks 10 and 12. ANSWER

19. EXAMPLE 7 Interpret a graph GUIDED PRACTICE for Examples 6 and 7 WHAT IF? Using the graph in Example 7, draw a graph that represents the student’s commute from school to home. 9. ANSWER