1. Part 2- Thematic and Topographical Maps
Types Maps
Part 2- Thematic and Topographical Maps

2. What do we need in order to read a map?
Direction
Scale
Legend

3. Types of Maps

4. Road Maps Shows people how they can travel form one place to another
Shows where the main highways are and where small country roads are.

5. Shaded Relief Map
Shows the shape of the land- mountains, valleys, rivers and lakes

6. Thematic Maps

7. Thematic Maps
emphasize a specific type of information, characteristic or topic
Examples include weather maps, vegetation, population density, elevation, etc.

8. Thematic Activity
In our atlases- pages have many examples of Thematic Maps
Lets investigate these maps

9. What type of maps are on these pages?
11 _________________
18 _________________
24 _________________
26 _________________
Landforms
Soil & Agriculture
Manufacturing
Population

10. Match Region to Vegetation
a. Deciduous _____ 1. Northern Arctic Islands
b. Grassland _____ 2. Nova Scotia and New Brunswick
c. Rock Desert _____ 3. Southern Ontario
d. Acadian _____ 4. Central AB,SK,MB,ON,QB
e. Boreal _____ 5. Southern AB and SK C D A E B

11. True or False T
___ Nova Scotia’s Mean Annual Precipitation is mm
___ The temperature range for majority of Quebec is 10-20° 
___ Arctic Canada gets more than 15 thunderstorms per year
___ The annual snowfall in Manitoba is between cm F F T

12. Which Province Climate Region Provinces Atlantic North Mountain
Prairie
Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick
British Columbia, Yukon
Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba

13. Topographical Maps

14. Topographic Maps
Show a two- dimensional representation of a portion of the three dimensional surface of the earth.

15. What do topographic maps show?
A topographic map is a map that shows surface features, or topography, of the Earth.
Topographic maps also show
- physical shape of the land
- natural elements: vegetation, water
- human made features- buildings, roads...
Topographic maps also show elevation (flat areas hills, valleys mountains).

16. Reading a Topographic Map
Topographic maps use symbols to represent parts of the Earth’s surface.
Colors are also used to represent natural or man made features.
For example, cities and towns are pink, bodies of water are blue, and wooded areas are green.

17. Colours
A drawing that represents the natural and man made elements of a given area.
- Colours, lines and symbols are used to represent things like mountains, streams, buildings, forests etc...
- these symbols present the natural and man made elements of a given area.

18. TOPOGRAPHIC MAP DESCRIPTION
Five basic colors are used for Topographic Maps.
Brown (Contour Lines: shows elevation)
Black (Man Made Features: Buidlings, Roads, Trails)
Blue (Water Features: lakes, rivers)
Green (Vegetation: forests, other)
Red (Highway and Land Grids)
Three minor colors
Pink (Built up area, civilization)
Purple (Updated Map Information)
White: no forests, might be farmland, meadows etc…

19. PART 1 Basic Land Navigation
Map Symbols
Symbols are used to represent the natural and man-made features of the earth.
It is a map language that is simple to read and understand. BUT you must first know what the map symbols represent, in order to understand, read and speak map language to others.
cem ú

20. Map Symbols
VEGETATION
Woods
Scrub
Orchard
Vineyard
Mangrove

21. SUBMERGED AREAS AND BOGS
PART 1 Basic Land Navigation
SUBMERGED AREAS AND BOGS
Marsh or swamp
Submerge marsh or swamp
Wood marsh or swamp
Submerge wood marsh or swamp
Rice field
Land subject to inundation

22. Map Symbols RIVERS, LAKES, AND CANALS Intermittent stream
PART 1 Basic Land Navigation
Map Symbols
RIVERS, LAKES, AND CANALS
Perennial stream
Perennial river
Small falls; small rapids
Large falls; large rapids
Dry lake
Perennial lake or pond
Intermittent lake or pond
Intermittent stream
Dam
Intermittent river
Well or spring
Canal

23. MAN-MADE FEATURES and HIGHWAY & LAND GRIDS
PART 1 Basic Land Navigation
MAN-MADE FEATURES and HIGHWAY & LAND GRIDS
Buildings
Built-up Areas
Airports
Landing Strip
School
Church
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Cemetery
Mine
Gravel Pit
Highway
Road
Dirt Road
Trail
Power Lines
Bridge
Foot Bridge
Railroad
Land Grids 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Map Symbols

24. Contour Lines Contour Lines are used to represent elevation and relief
Elevation- is the vertical distance above or below mean sea level.
Relief- is a representation of the shapes of hills, valleys, streams or terrain

25. Rules of Contour Lines A contour line must never divide or split.
A contour line must never simply end. Somewhere the two ends of a contour line must join to enclose an irregularly circular region.
A contour line must represent one and only one elevation.

26. Rules of Contour Lines
A contour line may never intersect other contour lines.
Contour lines forms a V pattern when crossing streams and it always points upstream.
Closely spaced contour lines indicate a steep slope; widely spaced lines indicate a gentle slope.

27. Rules of Contour Lines Concentric circles of contour
lines indicate a hilltop or
mountain peak.
Concentric circles of hashed contour lines indicate a hollow or closed depression.

28. Contour Lines
Contour lines join points on a map that are of equal height above sea level

29. Contour Lines How high above sea level is point X?
50 m
How high above sea level is point Y?
125m

30. Contour Lines On the above map, the highest point is shown with a dot.
This is called a spot height.

31. Question
So, what is the
contour interval
for this island?
50m

32. Contour Intervals A set distance between contour lines on a map.
Ex. A 100 interval would mean that you have lines showing 100m changes in elevation between them.

33. Drawing Contour Lines
Where would X and Y be on this map?

34. Drawing Contour Lines
Drawing Contour Lines