1. Corpora as Controls Paula MacDonald, NIC, M.S. MRID Fall Conference 2014

2. Paula MacDonald Degrees ▫A.A.S. Interpreting/Translation ▫B.A. “Multicultural Interpreting” ▫M.S. Interpreting with and emphasis in Pedagogy  Teaching Practicum at ITAT in Graz, Austria. Practitioner ▫Nationally Certified Interpreter: American Sign Language/English Educator Consultant

3. Our work together Demand Control Schema Corpus Linguistics AA Meetings

4. Objectives access corpora and gain resources on which databases to use. through group work they will modify sample source texts. participants will devise a plan on how to use corpora in their own work.

8. Demand Control Schema Dean, R. & Pollard, R. (2013)

9. Taxonomy Robert Karasek (1979) created a model of job demands and controls to gauge occupational stress. “The key idea behind the job demands-control model is that control buffers the impact of job demands on strain and can help enhance employees’ job satisfaction with the opportunity to engage in challenging tasks and learn new skills (Kain & Jex, 2010).”

10. Application to Interpreting Job requirements (Demands) Personal capacity (Controls) Practiced Profession

11. Demands Dean, R. & Pollard, R. (2013) EIPI

12. Demands A salient aspect of our work. A factor that rises to a level of significance that will or should impact the decision-making involved in our work.

13. Demand Categories: EIPI Environmental Interpersonal Paralinguistic Intrapersonal

14. What do we find as a “Demand” in our work? AA Meetings

15. Language Pairs English to ASL and ASL to English Need to improve L1 in our work

16. Controls Dean, R. & Pollard, R. (2013) Pre-Assignment Assignment Post-Assignment

17. Controls “Include a wide range of resources, skills, knowledge, behavior actions, translation decisions and more” (Dean & Pollard, p. 20)

18. What do we use as “Controls” in our work? AA Meetings

19. Pre-Assignment Controls Controls that are employed prior to the assignment ▫Background ▫Personality/Attributes/Characteristics ▫Preparations

20. Assignment Controls Controls that are employed during the interpreting assignment itself ▫Actions you take; rapport with consumers ▫Actions you choose not to take; positive self-talk ▫Your interpretation/translation decisions.

21. Post-Assignment Controls Controls that are employed after the assignment ▫Follow up with the consumers ▫Research more about the topic ▫Call agency to explain situation ▫File grievance ▫De-briefing

22. Corpus Linguistics Pre and Post Assignment Controls

23. What is Corpus Linguistics? “Corpus Linguistics is a method for carrying out linguistic analyses. ▫data gained by intuition  Researcher's intuitions  Other peoples’ intuition ▫Naturally occurring language  Randomly collected texts  Systemic collections of texts (Corpora) (Nesselhauf, 2011)

24. Corpus “Defined as a systematic collection of naturally occurring texts” (Nesselhauf, 2011)

25. Types of Corpora (Nesselhauf, 2011) General/reference Historical Regional Learner Multilingual

26. How Corpora are Used Site translations Language pairs Checks frequency in natural occurring language

27. Application Activity

28. Activity and Application/analysis Pre-assignment controls Post-Assignment Corpora ▫Data Bases

29. Pre-Assignment Making our own Corpus ▫AA Meetings

30. 12 Steps in English https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMLDmQ 6qItc

31. Meet Bob http://youtu.be/Dx6YSUCPxmU

32. Sample Text Analysis Post-Assignment Controls

36. Corpora Databases: English British National Corpus ▫http://corpus.byu.edu/bnc/http://corpus.byu.edu/bnc/ COCA ▫http://corpus.byu.edu/coca/http://corpus.byu.edu/coca/

37. Review: Together We access corpora and gain resources on which databases to use. through group work they will modify sample source texts. participants will devise a plan on how to use corpora in their own work.

38. References Dean, R. & Pollard, R. (2013) The Demand Control Schema: Interpreting as a Practice Profession. North Charleston, SC: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. Karasek, R. A. (1979) Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: Implications for job redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly. 24, 285-307. Nesselhauf, N. (2011). Corpus Linguistics: A Practical Introduction. Retrieved from http://www.as.uniheidelberg.de/personen/Nesselhauf/files/Corpus%20Linguistics%20P ractical%20Introduction.pdf http://www.as.uniheidelberg.de/personen/Nesselhauf/files/Corpus%20Linguistics%20P ractical%20Introduction.pdf

39. My Contact Information Paula MacDonald PaulaAMacDonald@gmail.com 651-366-7433