1. SPSS Basic stats guide Dr. Craig Jackson Senior Lecturer in Health Psychology Faculty of Health Birmingham City University craig.jackson@bcu.ac.uk

2. Types of Data / Variables ContinuousDiscrete BPChildren HeightNo. colds in last 12 months WeightAge last birthday AgeBMI OrdinalNominal Grade of “condition”Sex Positions in race 1 st 2 nd 3 rd Hair colour “Better - Same – Worse”Blood group Height groupsEye colour Age groups Ethnicity

3. Types of statistics / analyses DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICSDescribing a phenomena FrequenciesHow many… Basic measurementsMeters, seconds, cm 3, IQ INFERENTIAL STATISTICSInferences about phenomena Hypothesis TestingProving or disproving theories Confidence IntervalsIf sample relates to the larger population CorrelationAssociations between phenomena Significance testinge.g diet and health

4. 25 cells 22 cells 24 cells 21 cells Total = 92 cells Mean = 23 cells SD= 1.8 cells 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 Multiple Measurement

5. NAgeIQ 120100 220100 320100 420100 520100 620100 720100 820100 920100 1020100 Total2001000 Mean20100 SD00 NAgeIQ 118100 220110 322119 424101 526105 621113 719120 825119 920114 1021101 Total2161102 Mean21.6110.2 SD± 4.2 ± 19.2 NAgeIQ 118100 220110 322119 424101 526105 621113 719120 825119 920114 1045156 Total2401157 Mean24115.7 SD± 8.5 ± 30.2 Small samples spoil research

6. Dispersion RangeSpread of data MeanArithmetic average MedianLocation ModeFrequency SDSpread of data about the mean Range50-112 mmHg Mean82mmHgMedian82mmHgMode82mmHg SD± 10mmHg

7. Central Tendency and Averages Mode MedianMean MedianMean Patient comfort rating 10987654321 312770121140129128908062 Frequency