1. How To Teach Vocabulary

2. Best Practices What does effective, comprehensive vocabulary instruction look like? It has identified four key components: 1. Rich and varied language experiences 2. Direct teaching of individual words 3. Independent word-learning strategies 4. Fostering word consciousness

3. Vocabulary Presentation Short Texts BooksDictionariesCorpora

4. Words In Context Increase The chances of learners appreciating The chances of learners appreciating Their typical environnments Their typical environnments Their associated collocations Their associated collocations Grammatical structures Grammatical structures

5. Texts And Their Lexical Chains A snake chain: snake, boa, python, reptile A snake chain: snake, boa, python, reptile A hunting chain: hunt, on the loose, snakecatcher, dogs, found, discovered A hunting chain: hunt, on the loose, snakecatcher, dogs, found, discovered A danger chain: harmless, dangerous, poisonous, carriers, bacteria, salmonella A danger chain: harmless, dangerous, poisonous, carriers, bacteria, salmonella

6. Lexical Detective Work  Collocations  Synonyms  Antonyms  Hyponyms

7. How Can Lexical Features Be Exploited? Ask learners: -to skim the text -to skim the text -to attempt a rough summary of its gist -to attempt a rough summary of its gist -to find long noun phrases or idioms -to find long noun phrases or idioms -to consult dictionaries -to consult dictionaries -to find definitions, synonyms in the text -to find definitions, synonyms in the text -to study and analyse targeted items -to study and analyse targeted items -to write their own texts with new items -to write their own texts with new items

8. Lexical Features of Spoken Language  Discourse Markers (indicate a change of the talk) (indicate a change of the talk) Well, anyway, Well, anyway, I mean I mean  Tags (qualify what has been said) I suppose, actually, really, you know, yeah

9. Web Of Words  The function of participles (softened, opened, refolded)  The abstract nouns (womanliness-lipstick, powder; anguish-opened, read, refolded)  The sensations in the text (the smell of, the look of, the sound of)  HANDBAG CONTAINS… (LETTERS, LIPSTICK, POWDER)

10. Books And Readers “ I like reading one story because, after the first day, I don’t have after the first day, I don’t have to use the dictionary as much, so to use the dictionary as much, so it makes reading more it makes reading more enjoyable” enjoyable”

11. Free Reading increases the chances of repeated encounters with words Narrow Reading is reading about the same topic over the course of is reading about the same topic over the course of a number of texts a number of texts

12. The Role of Dictionaries in Vocabulary Learning When learners are left to study vocabulary on their own, two common ways are available to them: to use the dictionary and to guess.

13. Types of Dictionaries Pronunciation dictionaries Pronunciation dictionaries Bilingual and monolingual Bilingual and monolingual Learner dictionaries Learner dictionaries Collocation dictionaries Collocation dictionaries On-line dictionaries On-line dictionaries According to meaning categories (thesaurus) According to meaning categories (thesaurus) Alphabetical dictionaries Alphabetical dictionaries

14. Oxford Learner’s Wordfinder Dictionary and the Longman Learner Activator Detailed definitions help students choose the correct word and natural, corpus-based examples show words in typical usage Detailed definitions help students choose the correct word and natural, corpus-based examples show words in typical usage Improved access system makes it easy to find the word you need Improved access system makes it easy to find the word you need All the collocations and phrases you need to write correctly All the collocations and phrases you need to write correctly Index at the back of the book for easy cross-referencing Index at the back of the book for easy cross-referencing Clear key words help to find alternatives Clear key words help to find alternatives Concepts are grouped Concepts are grouped Simple definitions and examples help to find the right word Simple definitions and examples help to find the right word

15. Shed (v) 1. get rid of to get rid of something that you no longer need or want: The company is planning to shed about a quarter of its workforce. 2. shed light a) to make something easier to understand, by providing new or better information Investigators hope to shed light on what started the fire. b) if something sheds light, it lights the area around it: The lamp shed a harsh yellow light. 3. drop/fall to drop something or allow it to fall: He strode across the bathroom, shedding wet clothes as he went. 4. shed blood to kill or injure people, especially during a war or a fight: Too much blood has already been shed in this conflict. 5. shed tears especially literary to cry: She had not shed a single tear during the funeral. 6. water if something sheds water, the water flows off its surface, instead of sinking into it

16. A Corpus (plural corpora) - a collection of texts that has been assembled for the purposes of language study - a collection of texts that has been assembled for the purposes of language study

17. Corpora Are the latest addition to the resources available for vocabulary input Are the latest addition to the resources available for vocabulary input Are particularly useful for providing attested examples of language in use, as well as frequency and collocation information Are particularly useful for providing attested examples of language in use, as well as frequency and collocation information

18. Vocabulary Learning A question of finding words Active mediation of the teacher Active mediation of the teacher

19. Vocabulary can not be taught. It can be presented, explained, included in all kinds of activities

20. Good Luck