1. Renewable energy Electricity generation and Direct use Geothermy Patrick Ledru Research Division

2. EU workshop, Mexico city, 26-27 September 2006 > 2 Presentation > Previous experiences > Overview of the geothermal activity in Europe > Review of the situation of R&D in Geothermal energy in Europe > Opportunities for developing cooperation between LAC and EU

3. EU workshop, Mexico city, 26-27 September 2006 > 3 Experience in cooperation between LAC and EU on geothermal energy > A workshop in 1987 in Cuernavaca, organised by the European Commission and IIE about development of geothermal energy > a joint regional geothermal programme organized by EC through its SYNERGY programme entitled "Geothermal Resources Development in Latin America and the Caribbean« (1996-1999). to look at the institutional and regulatory changes which could extend the area of activity of this energy source and promote commercial and technical co-operation between the two regions. > An extension of a Co-ordination Action in the 6 th FP with IIE and CiCESE (Mexico) and LaGeo (El Salvador) (INCO-TTC call, start 1 st November 2006)

4. EU workshop, Mexico city, 26-27 September 2006 > 4 Soultz-sous-forêt EGS Larderello Groß Schönebeck Basel EGS Electricity production, co generation Enhanced Geothermal Systems test sites Guadalupe Açores District heating Paris Basin Izmir Bansko, Kocani, Gevgelia Cozia-Calciulata Altheim Groß Schönebeck Soultz Larderello, 1904 Altheim Ferrara Neustdat-Glewe Neustadt-Glewe Podhale, Mszczonów, Pyrzyce, Uniejów Slomniki Alvsby Geothermal Heat Pumps Pyrzyce Larderello, 2006 Heat Pumps Overview of the geothermal activity in Europe

5. EU workshop, Mexico city, 26-27 September 2006 > 5 Geothermal power and direct use production Geothermal power 2004 1179 MWE Geothermal direct use capacity 2005 13626 MWt Others: 37,2 Italy: 791 Iceland: 202 Compilation, L. Rybach, GRC 2006 Iceland: 1844 Others: 3964 Sweden: 3840 Turkey: 1495 Switzerland: 582 Italy: 607 Hungary: 694 Norway: 600 France: 19 Russia: 79 Germany: 504 Austria: 352 Denmark: 330

6. EU workshop, Mexico city, 26-27 September 2006 > 6 Review of the situation of R&D in Geothermal energy in Europe > A priority thematic area of the EU for "Sustainable energy systems“ The White Paper (Community Strategy and Action Plan, 1997) : doubling (500 to 1000 MW) of electricity production, increase from 750 to 2,5 MW for heat production of geothermal origin. Directive 2001/77/EC : doubling the contribution of renewable energy from 6 to 12% of total energy consumption by 2010. Expressions of interest from the European Commission in the 6 th Framework Programme A total budget of 46,6M€ over 4 years and a support of 17,6M€ from EU (6th FP) dedicated to geothermal energy

7. EU workshop, Mexico city, 26-27 September 2006 > 7 Geothermal energy: a wide range of sources and utilisation Temperature Italy, Chile Mexico, Costa Rica France (Rhine) Venezuela Poland, Brazil Permeability Water/vapor Strategy for defining targets: the geodynamic context the hydrosystems the geology

8. EU workshop, Mexico city, 26-27 September 2006 > 8 Geothermal energy: the 6 th FP European projects CAMELIA: Multigeneration Energy Systems with Locally Integrated Applications GroundHit: Ground Coupled Heat Pumps of High Technology Low Bin: Binary systems EGS (STREP): Soultz HITI (STREP): High-Temperature Equipment ENGINE Co- ordination Action I-GET: Integrated Geophysical Exploration Technology Technology transfer

9. EU workshop, Mexico city, 26-27 September 2006 > 9 Weakness/strength of EU R&D > A lack of political support, youth and growth defaults of geothermal energy (corrosion, H 2 S gas emission, sustainability…) > The development of geothermal heat pumps market and cost-efficient geothermal devices that have overpassed these difficulties > Restricted market that hinder investment of major companies > EU is still in a pioneer position for experiments and R&D (linked to the high investment of successive FP) > Because of the wide range of sources and applications, dispersion of manpower and R&D funds > Because of the wide range of sources and applications, complementary skills and transfer of knowledge and know- how exist

10. EU workshop, Mexico city, 26-27 September 2006 > 10 Example: ENGINE Co-ordination Action ENhanced Geothermal Innovative Network for Europe > An expression of interest from the EC 6 th FP a need for co-ordinating ongoing research and promoting the development and uptake of innovative methods and technologies to expand the exploitation of Unconventional Geothermal Resources, in particular Enhanced Geothermal Systems. A major scope is the identification of gaps that hamper the development of geothermal energy and definition of research targets for the future > ENGINE co-ordination proposal Capitalisation of knowledge and state of art Identification of gaps and barriers Defining new R&D projects to overcome these gaps and barriers Start 1 November 2005, 30 months, 2,3 M€, 31 European partners + 4 from Third Countries, 20 countries involved in Geothermal R&D http://engine.brgm.fr

11. WP1 Project Management WP2 Information and dissemination system WP3. Investigation of UGR and EGS WP4. Drilling, stimulation and reservoir assessment WP6. Expertise on investigation of UGR and EGS WP8. Expertise on exploitation, economic, environmental, social impacts WP7. Expertise on drilling, stimulation and reservoir assessment Launching Conf. (France 2/2006) Final Conference (Lithuania) WP5. Exploitation, economic, environmental and social impacts Mid-term Conference (Germany 01/2007) Mid-term Conference Specialised workshops WP9. Risk evaluation for the development of geothermal energy Extension of the network to Third countries (Mexico, El Salvador, Philippines) Germany (11/2206) Switzerland (06/2006) France (9/2006) Italy Nederland Iceland Greece

12. EU workshop, Mexico city, 26-27 September 2006 > 12 Opportunities for developing cooperation between LAC and EU > EU has always occupied a pioneer position for exploration and exploitation of geothermal energy > Cooperation between LAC and EU has already led to significant results and regular partnerships exist (R&D cooperation, industrial projects) > Numerous countries in Latin America / Caribbean are localised within active geodynamic zones that are favourable for finding natural geothermal fields > Numerous countries in Latin America / Caribbean have already an advanced experience in developing and managing geothermal exploitation > Cost-efficiency of geothermal energy is proven for a large range of activities and technology for medium enthalpy, GHP, heating and cooling is available > There is a renewed interest for Enhanced Geothermal Systems and for developing new projects at the international scale about extension of existing known resources and technologies > Geothermal energy lacks of political support and requires a good coordination of scientist and professional > The geothermal energy must participate to the global debate about greenhouse effect and energy supply

13. EU workshop, Mexico city, 26-27 September 2006 > 13 An international renewed interest for the geothermal energy from deep sources and EGS > The US Department Of Energy program for 2006-2011 and MIT–led interdisciplinar panel (September 2006) The challenge (…) is to develop and deploy the technology needed to capture the larger, deeper, cooler and less permeable resource base – the Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) EGS is one of the few renewable energy that can provide continuous base load-power with minimal visual and environmental impact > The on-going industrial activity in Australia The know-how and technology of mineral and oil exploration to explore heat sources at depth > The European exploration projects The pilot site of Soultz sous Forêts and the exploration sites of Gross Schonebeck, Basel, Landau…

14. EU workshop, Mexico city, 26-27 September 2006 > 14 A continent to explore… Soultz-sous-forêt EGS Limagne Groß Schönebeck Bruchsal Karlsruhe Karlsruhe-Nord Hockenheim-Philippsburg Rastatt-Lichtenau-Rheinau Weinheim Neuried-Altenheim Mannheim Emmendingen Kehl am Rhein Dinkelberg Breisach Markgräfler Land Lahr Offenburg Neuried-Ichenheim Neuenburg am Rhein Heidelberg Goldscheuer Freiburg-West Schwetzingen Bietigheim Schriesheim Wiesloch Karlsdorf Rhust-Whyl Freiburg-West Speyerdorf Landau in der Pfalz Offenbach an der Queich Bellheim Speyer Riedstadt Bad Bergzabern Steinfeld …… Upper Rhine Valley Basel

15. EU workshop, Mexico city, 26-27 September 2006 > 15 The need of an international strategy > Development of geothermal energy requires the realisation of short term projects showing the use of cost-efficient geothermal energy and of medium to long term projects that concern Enhanced Geothermal Systems > the Soultz experiment is considered as the international reference by the Australian investors and American scientists for whom EGS is one of the few renewable energy that can provide continuous base load-power. > The co-ordination of these short and long term projects requires a well organised scientific community at an international level, a restored political support and good links with industry and stakeholders. As well as for scientist from Chile…

16. EU workshop, Mexico city, 26-27 September 2006 > 16 Main S&T objectives of the proposed partnership > Co ordination action for ensuring know-how transfer and development of links with industrial partners showing the use of cost-efficient geothermal energy (medium enthalpy, GHP, cooling and heating..) > Research and development projects on Enhanced Geothermal Systems, including extension of existing geothermal field > Co-ordination action of these short and long term projects for a better organised scientific community at an international level, a restored political support and development of good links with industry and stakeholders > Specific International Cooperation Action about the potential of geothermal recovery from oil and gas field

17. EU workshop, Mexico city, 26-27 September 2006 > 17 Possible contribution of LAC-EU collaborative research to transform Weakness into Strength > A lack of political support > Make our voice louder to be heard for raising required funding for showing that EGS can provide continuous base load-power with minimal visual and environmental impact > Restricted market that hinder investment of major companies > Include the development of geothermal fields from Latin America within the international perspective and to ensure the success of on going experiments > Because of the wide range of sources and applications, dispersion of manpower and R&D funds > Integrate complementary skills and ensure transfer of knowledge and know-how within a supported international cooperation action