1. SWBAT: research the history of Ancient Grecian theatre in order to gain insight into the stories of Oedipus and Antigone Objectives – 10.27.14

3. Home Work - 10.27.14 Complete Exercise 3 and REVIEW EXERCISE A on page 73 of the Warriner’s Grammar textbook. Write out ALL sentences for completion credit!

4. Greek Theater

5. The Greek Theater 5 th Century B. C. Golden Age of Greek Drama Dramatic festivals were popular People witnessed tragic and comic plays

6. Overview of Greek Theatre The land The myths The stage

7. The Land Greece has thousands of inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greece has a rich culture and history Democracy was founded in Greece Patriarchal (male dominated) society Philosophy, as a practice, began in Greece (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle)

8. The Land Located in Europe in the Aegean Sea

10. The Land

11. Overview of Greek Theatre The land The myths The stage

12. The Stage

13. Three Main Portions of Greek Theatre: Skene – Portion of stage where actors performed (included 1-3 doors in and out) Orchestra – “Dancing Place” where chorus sang to the audience Theatron – Seating for audience

14. The Stage

15. Greek plays were performed during religious ceremonies held in honor of Dionysus, the Greek god of wine and revelry (altars generally on stage) Banks would shut down for days, people would travel from all around to see the drama competitions—even prisoners were temporarily released to see the plays Tragedy means “goat song” (relates to Dionysian rituals)

16. The Stage

17. Where and how were the dramas performed? …In an amphitheatre …With a chorus who described most of the action. …With masks …With all the fighting and movement going on off stage. ….With tragedy first, then comedy later.

18. Masks of Greek Theater

19. The masks were worn for many reason including: 1. Visibility 2. Acoustic Assistance 3. Few Actors, Many Roles 4. Characterization

20. Some general categories of masks 1. OLD MEN Smooth-Faced, White, Grizzled, Black-Haired, Flaxen and More Flaxen 2. YOUNG MEN Common, Curled, More Curled, Graceful, Horrid, Pale and Less Pale 3. SLAVES Leathern, Peaked-Beard, Flat Nose 4. WOMEN Freed Old Woman, Old Domestic, Middle Aged, Leathern, Pale-Disheveled, Pale Middle Aged, Whorish-Disheveled, Virgin, Girl 5. SPECIALIST MASKS Some made for specific characters, others for: Mourning, Blindness, Deceit, Drunkenness...etc. (The comic masks, those especially of old comedy, were as like as possible to true persons they represented, or made to appear more ridiculous)

22. Masks of Greek Theater

25. Modern-day replicas Hero-King Comedy (Servant or Herald ) Tragedy (Weeping Chorus)

26. Theater at Epidaurus

28. Major Greek Dramatists Aeschylus524 B.C.Seven Against Thebes Sophocles496 B.C.Antigone Oedipus Euripides480 B.C.Medea DramatistBornWrote

29. Sophocles’ Antigone Set in Thebes (a city in ancient Greece) Antigone is the daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta Antigone’s brothers, Eteokles and Polyneces, took opposite sides in a war Eteokles and Polyneces killed each other in battle Antigone’s uncle, Kreon, became king of Thebes

30. Sophocles

32. Euripides’ Medea Medea is a princess from Colchis Medea marries Jason, who is in Colchis on a quest for the Golden Fleece Medea betrays her father and murders her brother for her love of Jason Medea has magical powers Jason takes Medea back to his homeland, Corinth, where they have children Jason takes another wife, the king of Corinth’s daughter

33. Jason’s Voyage on the Argo Jason and Medea meet Corinth: Where Jason and Medea settle down

34. Overview of Greek Theatre The land The myths The stage

36. The Myths – Why they were written and performed 1. Explained the unexplainable 2. Justified religious practices 3. Gave credibility to leaders 4. Gave hope

37. Explained the Unexplainable When Echo tried to get Narcissus to love her, she was denied. Saddened, she shriveled to nothing, her existence melting into a rock. Only her voice remained. Hence, the echo!

38. To justify religious practices Cults were created throughout Greece to worship the more popular gods and goddesses. Two of the most popular cults were those dedicated to Diana, Goddess of the Hunt, and Dionysus, god of grapes, vegetation, and wine

39. To give credibility to leaders Used myths to create family trees for their leaders, enforcing the made-up idea that the emperors were related to the gods and were, then, demigods.

40. To give hope The ancient citizens of Greece would sacrifice and pray to an ORACLE. An oracle was a priest or priestess who would send a message to the gods from mortals who brought their requests. Where DID hope come from? After unleashing suffering, famine, disease, and many other evils, the last thing Pandora let out was HOPE.

41. Theater of Dionysus Dionysia was an annual festival in honor of the god Dionysus Theater of Dionysus was an open-air Theater with room for fifteen thousand spectators

42. Theater of Dionysus Male actors performed all the roles Actors switched masks to play a number of roles – both female and male

43. Theater of Dionysus carved out of a stone hillside looked like a semicircle with steeply rising tiers of seats

44. Theater of Dionysus

45. Dionysus Theater in Athens

48. Oracle of Delphi

49. Dating back to 1400 BC, the Oracle of Delphi was the most important shrine in all Greece, and in theory all Greeks respected its independence. Built around a sacred spring, Delphi was considered to be the omphalos - the center (literally navel) of the world.

50. People came from all over Greece and beyond to have their questions about the future answered by the Pythia, the priestess of Apollo. And her answers, usually cryptic, could determine the course of everything from when a farmer planted his seedlings, to when an empire declared war.

51. Arguments over the correct interpretation of an oracle were common, but the oracle was always happy to give another prophecy if more gold was provided. A good example is the famous incident before the Battle of Salamis when the Pythia first predicted doom and later predicted that a 'wooden wall' (interpreted by the Athenians to mean their ships) would save them

52. The Oracle plays a significant role in MANY Ancient Greek myths including the stories of Hercules, Perseus, Theseus, and Oedipus, the protagonist of the first play we will read.

54. Oracle of Delphi

55. Delphi

57. The Storyline

58. Central Character is of the Elite Class

59. Central Character suffers a Downfall

60. Central Character is Neither Wholly good nor wholly evil

61. Downfall is the result of a Fatal Flaw

62. Misfortunes involve characters who are related or who are friends

63. Tragic actions take place offstage

64. Central Character has a moment of recognition

65. Audience experiences pity and fear

66. Pity and Fear leads to a catharsis

67. The End