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Greek Theater Western Civilization. Greek Videos Id=83785096-E190-41E2-B140-373971DE1287.

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Presentation on theme: "Greek Theater Western Civilization. Greek Videos Id=83785096-E190-41E2-B140-373971DE1287."— Presentation transcript:

1 Greek Theater Western Civilization

2 Greek Videos http://youtu.be/vNAM3PzGcow http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAsset Id=83785096-E190-41E2-B140-373971DE1287 http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAsset Id=4B06DBD2-9C27-40D1-9C21-1CFB580A0E58 http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAsset Id=A76BCDAD-0588-4BD4-A6EC-B77410DA1AB3

3 The Greek Theater 5 th Century B. C. Golden Age of Greek Drama Dramatic festivals were popular People witnessed tragic and comic plays

4 The Stage

5 Three Main Portions of Greek Theatre: Skene – Portion of stage where actors performed (included 1-3 doors in and out) Orchestra – “Dancing Place” where chorus sang to the audience Theatron – Seating for audience

6 The Stage

7 Greek plays were performed during religious ceremonies held in honor of Dionysus, the Greek god of wine and revelry (altars generally on stage) Businesses would shut down for days, people would travel from all around to see the drama competitions—even prisoners were temporarily released to see the plays The word tragedy means “goat song,” which relates to an act in a Dionysian ritual.

8 The Stage

9 Where and how were the dramas performed? …In an amphitheatre …With a chorus who described most of the action. …With masks …With all the fighting and movement going on off stage. ….With tragedy first, then comedy later.

10 Masks of Greek Theater

11 The masks were worn for many reason including: 1. Visibility 2. Acoustic Assistance 3. Few Actors, Many Roles 4. Characterization

12 Some general categories of masks 1. OLD MEN Smooth-Faced, White, Grizzled, Black-Haired, Flaxen and More Flaxen 2. YOUNG MEN Common, Curled, More Curled, Graceful, Horrid, Pale and Less Pale 3. SLAVES Leathern, Peaked-Beard, Flat Nose 4. WOMEN Freed Old Woman, Old Domestic, Middle Aged, Leathern, Pale-Disheveled, Pale Middle Aged, Whorish-Disheveled, Virgin, Girl 5. SPECIALIST MASKS Some made for specific characters, others for: Mourning, Blindness, Deceit, Drunkenness...etc. (The comic masks, those especially of old comedy, were as like as possible to true persons they represented, or made to appear more ridiculous)

13

14 Masks of Greek Theater

15

16

17 Modern-day replicas Hero-King Comedy (Servant or Herald ) Tragedy (Weeping Chorus)

18 Theater at Epidaurus

19

20 Major Greek Dramatists Aeschylus524 B.C.Seven Against Thebes Sophocles496 B.C.Antigone Oedipus Euripides480 B.C.Medea DramatistBornWrote

21 Sophocles’ Antigone Set in Thebes (a city in ancient Greece) Antigone is the daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta Antigone’s brothers, Eteokles and Polyneces, took opposite sides in a war Eteokles and Polyneces killed each other in battle Antigone’s uncle, Kreon, became king of Thebes

22 Sophocles

23

24 Myths played a key role in Greek drama

25 The Myths – Why they were written 1. Explained the unexplainable 2. Justified religious practices 3. Gave credibility to leaders 4. Gave hope 5. Polytheistic (more than one god) 6. Centered around the twelve Olympians (primary Greek gods)

26 Explained the Unexplainable When Echo tried to get Narcissus to love her, she was denied. Saddened, she shriveled to nothing, her existence melting into a rock. Only her voice remained. Hence, the echo!

27 To justify religious practices Dionysian cults in ancient Greece were founded to worship Dionysus, god of grapes, vegetation, and wine.

28 Roots in Worship of Dionysus God of wine and revelry

29 Theater of Dionysus Dionysia was an annual festival in honor of the god Dionysus Theater of Dionysus was an open-air Theater with room for fifteen thousand spectators

30 Theater of Dionysus carved out of a stone hillside looked like a semicircle with steeply rising tiers of seats

31 Theater of Dionysus

32 At the bottom was the rounded orchestra or performance area where the chorus sang and danced

33 Dionysus Theater in Athens

34 Theater of Dionysus Behind the orchestra was an open, almost bare, stage where actors spoke their lines from behind huge masks

35 Dionysus Theater in Athens

36

37 Theater of Dionysus Male actors performed all the roles Actors switched masks to play a number of roles – both female and male

38 To give credibility to leaders Used myths to create family trees for their leaders, enforcing the made-up idea that the emperors were related to the gods and were, then, demigods.

39 To give hope The ancient citizens of Greece would sacrifice and pray to an ORACLE. An oracle was a priest or priestess who would send a message to the gods from mortals who brought their requests. Where DID hope come from? After unleashing suffering, famine, disease, and many other evils, the last thing Pandora let out was HOPE.

40 Oracle of Delphi

41

42 Delphi

43 The Storyline

44 Central Character is of the Elite Class

45 Central Character suffers a Downfall

46 Central Character is Neither Wholly good nor wholly evil

47 Downfall is the result of a Fatal Flaw

48 Misfortunes involve characters who are related or who are friends

49 Tragic actions take place offstage

50 Central Character has a moment of recognition

51 Audience experiences pity and fear

52 Pity and Fear leads to a catharsis

53 The End

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