1. Prof. Ranjan R. Pradhan (PhD)
International Workshop on Public Education, Training, and Community Outreach for Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage
July , 2014 Decatur, Illinois, USA
CCS by Microalgae A pilot project in the thermal power plant of NALCO, India
Prof. Ranjan R. Pradhan (PhD)
Proprietor, Indocan Technology Solutions (Canada)
C. V. Raman College of Engineering

2. Contents Climate change and our project Concept of the project
Implementation of the project
Characterization of the Product from the project
Conclusion

3. Carbon Sequestration Pilot Plant NALCO, - CPPAngul, Odisha, India

4. How to Address Global Climate Change?
The scale of CO2 disposal need far exceeds today's CO2 uses.
Sustainable CO2 capture and storage is at a reasonable cost can be a good alternative to utilize the abundantly available coal resources in India.
To solve the negative consequences there are two broad ways of fixing the global warming made by mankind.
These are:
CDR (Carbon dioxide removal) and
SRM (Solar radiation management)

5. CDR (Carbon dioxide removal)
Sustainable Carbon Capture For Thermal Power Plants
Thermal power plants, though a developmental need for India is a major GHG polluter (Thermal power plants contribute 25 % of the global GHG emission)
Extent of Pollution & Opportunity
500 MW thermal power plant generates about 8000 tons of CO2 per day
(This is a huge resource if can be reused)

6. What are we missing in our existing practices?
500 MW thermal power plant generates about 8000 tons of CO2 per day
Forest land needed to capture this emission
A hectare of pine forest can capture about 1 ton carbon dioxide / year, So we need about sq km land or roughly 20 % of total area of Odisha
The dilemma!
Either restrict the growth & promotion of many thermal power plants
Or facilitate adequate forest coverage to compensate for the emissions
Neither of the above can be acceptable, and we need to look for feasible alternates for low carbon economy & support mandates of Kyoto protocol

7. Two major possible technologies
To sustain economic growth, potential alternates of low carbon economy must be adopted
Two major possible technologies
Algae-based Capture Technology
Geological Sequestration
Technology
Sustainable
Social problems arises
Safe
Untested on large scale
No need to transport CO2
Need to transport CO2 to sequestration site
Generates biomass
No additional revenue
Coupled with wastewater treatment
Coupled with oil recovery
$ = carbon credit + nutrient credit + biomass
$ = carbon credit

8. Major issues to drive policy decisions for Algal technology
Climate change mandate
Vast land use change in India.
(Intergovernmental Panel on climate Change –IPCC reported land use change is one of the major contributor to carbon emission, i.e. equivalent to 25% of all the fossil fuel and cement plants emission combined)
3. India is rightly place for the technology to evolve –
Optimum Climate and more than 340 days of sunshine
Large number of coal based power plants being built
Carbon dioxide is a very useful resource for algae industry & should not be wasted
Algal biomass will initiate a new resource for biorefinery value chain

9. Concept The amount of CO2 sequestered in-Tons/ Acre/Year
Calculation for Per Acre:
Carbon Content Assumed in Biomass is ~ 50 %
( Reference :  Knowledge Reference, National Forest Assessments, Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations,
Carbon to Amount CO2
1 mole of carbon give 1 mol of CO2
Molecular wt of C = 12 & CO2 is 44
So Molar ratio = 44/12 = 3.6 ( 1 kg of carbon is equivalent to 3.6 kg of CO2)

10. (in addition to capture)!
Biomass is a Bonus
(in addition to capture)!
Key Players
End Use of Algae
Seambiotic
Food additives, Fish feed and biofuels
MBD
Algae oil
Linc Energy
Biodiesel, Fertilizers and power.
Trident Exploration
Electricity
RWE energy
Biogas plant
Glenturret Whisky distillery
Animal feed for cattle and Shellfish farms
NALCO, India
Biorefinery Value Chain

12. Construction of Ponds :

13. Flugas Supply line from Duct of Unit – 7 and 8
Ducts from Unit 7 & 8
Heat exchanger, scrubber & cooling tower erected

14. Laboratory set-up of Algal cultivation bioreactor system with online CO2 and O2 monitoring & Control (SCADA)

15. NTU
Time - Days

16. Recovered Algal Biomass
Potential
Plants can tolerate less CO2 ( ~ 450 PPM)
Plants growth has been increased by three times by enhancing CO2 conc. to about 450 ppm
Algae can tolerate higher CO2 Conc (> 20 % CO2 OR 200,000 ppm)
Algae growth rate can be enhanced upto 10 – 20 times with enhanced CO2 in lab scale

17. Characterization of the Product
Thermal characterization of algae biomass and algae oil

18. Process / Technology Flow
Bacterial Mass Cultivation System Operation aided with flue gas
Flue gas is processed to make Suitable for Sequestration Application
NALCO – CPP
Flue Gas
@ 135 °C
12 – 15 % CO2
Biomass Value Chain and Utilization Technologies
Biomass Recovery System & Quantification
Process / Technology Flow

19. Applications Biorefinery
A biorefinery is a facility that integrates biomass conversion processes and equipment to produce fuels, power, and chemicals from biomass. The biorefinery concept is analogous to today's petroleum refineries, which produce multiple fuels and products from petroleum..

20. Process Conclusion Algae – A Promising & Future Biomass from Flue gas:
Each gram of algae will capture 1.8 gm of CO2.
Cogeneration system of 16M m3 biogas capacity = ~ 260 tons of algae.
Biogas generation efficiency = 0.26 – 0.34 m3 /KG volatile solids (VS) added.
Algae 89 % VS content potentially can produce ~ 115,000 m3 biogas for generating at least 55,000 KW4 of carbon negative electrical energy each cycle.
With an algal cultivation system the equivalent forest land requirement can be reduces by a factor of 10, as more than 10 times biomass can be generate, and depending on the end us, the carbon sequestration may be valued further.

21. Challenges yet to be addressed
Land availability near power plant
Retrofitting algae systems in existing power plants
Economic viability demonstration in India
Industrial perception
Encouraging Socio Economic and Awareness of CCS with microalgae

22. Overview of regional CCUS educational and outreach efforts
The ministry of 'environment and forests' (Govt. of India) is now ministry of 'environment, forests and climate change',
Inclusive National Education Policy
Inclusive Regional education policy
Local Environmental Associations and NGO

23. www.indocantechnologysolutions .com
Questions
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