1. Territorial and Economic Expansion 1830-1860

2. Territorial and Economic Expansion Conflict in Texas and Maine  The revolt in Texas led to an application by Sam Houston for the new republic to be annexed into the United States  Northern worries over slave balance led to delay and denial  In Maine the Aroostook War between loggers in Maine and Canada over the border was settled by treaty in 1842. This also settled the Minnesota border.

3. The Oregon Border Dispute: 54*40’ or FIGHT The Oregon Border  4 Nations claimed Oregon: Britain, Spain, Russia and the U.S.  Spain dropped this claim in the Adams- Onis Treaty of 1819  Manifest Destiny had swept the land and Americans thought it divine right to hold the territory  This was settled when the U.S. and Britain agreed to split the territory in half, at the 49th parallel.  The U.S. was also entering a war with Mexico at the time and did not want to divide its attention

4. The War with Mexico  The border dispute with Mexico erupted into war in 1846  President Polk offered to purchase California and set the border at the Rio Grande. Mexico rejected the offer and countered with the Nueces River, further North.  Polk sent General Zachary Taylor to patrol the border near the Rio Grande  A Mexican Army crossed and captured an American patrol killing 11.  The War was a one-sided American victory with General Winfield Scott capturing Mexico City in 1847 Consequences of the Mexican War:  Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Rio Grande as Southern Border California and New Mexico territories transfer to U.S. for $15 Million and assumption of American claims against Mexico  Wilmot Proviso An amendment to abolish slavery in the newly acquired territory Prelude to Civil War? Wilmot was seen as raising the stakes for the slavery issue and sparking sectional tension anew

5. Southern Expansion and Manifest Destiny  Ostend Manifesto Franklin Pierce dispatched diplomats to Ostend, Belgium to secretly negotiate the purchase of Cuba from Spain after several attempts had failed The deal was leaked to the press and antislavery members loudly rejected the idea.  Gadsden Purchase The Southern sections of New Mexico and Arizona were purchased from Mexico to facilitate a Western railroad

6. Economic Expansion: 1830-1860 Industrial Technology  Industrial expansion spread to the entire Northeast to produce shoes, sewing machines, clothing, firearms  Samuel Morse developed the telegraph successfully in 1844 Railroads  The NE and Midwest saw rapid expansion of the rails  1850 saw the first land grant to the rails for building Panic of 1857  The panic of 1857 sent prices for Midwestern farmers and Northerners plummeting  Southern Cotton remained high and led the Southerners to believe that they didn’t need union with the North

7. Helpful Maps (Disputed Area of Oregon)

8. Helpful Maps (Disputed Area of Maine)

9. Helpful Maps (Disputed Area of Texas)