1. Dunmore’s Proclamation & the Declaration of Independence Africans in America and Offers of Freedom

2. Colonial Elites push for Independence from Great Britain Why? Mercantilism- mother country- colony economic dependence New taxes “No taxation without representation”

3. Using quotations from the document, Dunmore’s Proclamation (1775), answer the following questions. 1.Who was Lord Dunmore? 2.How did Dunmore feel about his duty in issuing this proclamation? 3.What made the proclamation necessary, according to Dunmore? 4.How did Dunmore refer to the Virginia Patriots and those who helped them? 5.What does Dunmore require of able bodied citizens in his execution of “Martial Law”? 6.What is the penalty for not following Dunmore’s requirements for able bodied citizens? 7.What term did Dunmore use to describe enslaved Africans? 8.What are the conditions under which Dunmore offers freedom, and to whom is the offer extended? 9.Where was Dunmore when he issued this proclamation?

4. Declaration of Independence (1776) Speaker: Occasion: Audience: Purpose: Summary:

5. Declaration of Independence (1776) Speaker: Thomas Jefferson, Virginia Planter & Intellectual Occasion: On the decision for American independence. After the Battle of Lexington & Concord (1775) Audience: People of America & Britain, Parliament, King George Purpose: To justify the revolution & resistance to British rule Summary: Declaration airs grievances against King George III, states beliefs about natural rights of man

6. Declaration of Independence (1776)... We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.

7. Declaration of Independence (1776)... We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.

8. Declaration of Independence (1776)... We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. How might this be seen by enslaved & free Africans as instructions to revolt or inspiration to join in the revolution?

9. Fingerprint the Declaration ISLAND-What makes it unique? CORE-What is the main idea/key argument? CROSSOVER-How are the ideas in the Declaration similar to other ideas or things you are familiar with? BIFURCATION-How does this document fit into multiple categories? How could the Declaration be seen as a document for all Americans AND a declaration of freedom for Africans in America?

10. Dunmore’s Proclamation Speaker Occasion Audience Purpose Summary

11. Dunmore’s Proclamation Island Core Crossover Bifurcation