1. PRIVATE SECURITY vs CITIZEN SECURITY Gualdemar S. Jiménez P. SERPAJ – CIF Ecuador

2. Visions of Security Peace of mind Safeguard of physical integrity Protection of material assets

3. Security issues seldomly taken into account Economic and social crisis – In recent years, Ecuador has suffered one of its worst crises, caused by the bank holiday – Total unemployment of 7 % – Institutiones are discredited Police Justice agents Social inequality – The poorest sector of the population consumes 1.9 % – The richest sector of the population consumes 35,4 % Migration – 43.1% of migrants left behind children under 18 years of age – 50.08 % of migrants have some higher education Perceptions

4. Firearms Any weapon with a barrel through which a bullet can be fired Any weapon or destructive device Ammunition

5. Problems and issues around weapons in Ecuador Presence of weapons in education centers Area of transit to neighboring countries Organized crime Increase in violence, rise in number of homicides with a weapon. Production of homemade weapons

6. Lack of trust in the institutiones responsible for exercising justice  Trusts the National Police 2004  In 2006, 84.9% has unfavorable opinions about the police Increase in the civilian population’s perception of insecurity; 70% of citizens believe that insecurity is one of the main problems in the cities. Quito Guayaquil A lot114 Some2824 Little3528 Nothing2634

7. Legal Framework The Inter-American Convention Against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Ammunition, Explosives, and Other Related Materials was ratified in 1999 Decision 552 of the Andean Community National Legislation

8. Impact of violence Greater circulation of weapons in civilian society ITEMSQuantity Civilian Personnel22.342 Military Personnel in active service 13 Military Personnel not in active service 432 Collectors105 Shooting,hunting and fishing clubs 164 Security companies21.851 Public instirutions1.123 Private security institutions1.469 TOTAL47.499

9. Larger presence of security companies Year.Permits 20039580 2004 8858 200510559 (in 10 mos) TOTAL28997 Impact of violence

10. Social response Social response SECURITY COMPANIES BY PROVINCE PROVINCE Co. WEAPONSGUARDS Azuay20626545 Bolívar23366 Cañar3108117 Carchi35268 Cotopaxi66099 Chimborazo11435756 El Oro6360247 Esmeraldas6269593 Guayas168885010224 Imbabura12251468 Loja7294192 Los Ríos Manabí27718547 Pichincha3721401524973 Tungurahua11518818 Zamora Ch. Galápagos1112 Sucumbíos1 TOTAL66626.59039.725

11. Evolution of arms imports Tipo2002200320042005Total Pistols252123242479303010354 Revolver s 13081108120315275146 Shotgun s 18901023143223566701 Carbines5222982222571299 Total624147535336717023500

12. Response Increase in police officers YEARPOLICE RATE per 100 thousand 19809500119,3 19901014698,8 199514830129,4 199921306173,2

13. Impact

14. Intervention Alternatives Decentralized technical system, interconnecting the different bodies concerned with arms control to have a precise control of the weapons found in the country. Collection of weapons held by civilian population Understanding that disarmament is not a matter of removing weapons. On the contrary, it is a peace proposal that contributes to the construction of alternatives. These can range from conflict resolution alternatives to the proposal of extending care to those who are linked to certain spaces and who survive by actions that are outside the law.