1. Chris Greacen Li Garden Hotel, Hat Yai, Thailand 20 Nov, 2005 Solar, wind and micro-hydropower: options, costs, resource assessment Palang Thai

2. Palang Thai พลังไท –We teach hands-on energy technology –We draft policies –We critique wasteful & dangerous mega-projects พลัง (palang): n 1. Power. 2. Empowerment. ไท (thai): adj. 1. Independence. 2. Self-reliance

3. Outline Energy efficiency Solar Wind Micro-hydropower

4. Customer Efficiency Central Generation Centralized utility (EGAT) Decentralized utility (A better way) Remote Loads Wind PV Genset Fuel Cell Battery Customers Central Generation 4

5. Saving electricity is cheaper than making it Production cost (baht/kWh)

6. Solar electricity – off-grid 25,000 baht per household system 120 watts Electricity for 2 lights + TV

7. Thai government solar home program 203,000 solar home systems 5,750,000,000 baht program No maintenance plan >9% failure rate within first year

11. Grid connected solar electricity Baht 250 to 350 per watt VSPP program Baht 9 to 15 per kWh (compare to baht 2.5 per kWh from PEA) shop.altenergystore.com

12. 3 kW grid-connect solar electricity at EPPO office in Bangkok

13. Micro-hydroelectricity Source: Inversin, A. R. (1986). Micro-Hydropower Sourcebook.

14. Kre Khi village 2003 E Wi Jo village 2004 Mae Sa Pau village 2005

17. E Wi Jo village microhydro Estimated power: 0.750 kW Head: 20 meters Flow: 20 liters/second Total installed cost: baht 100,000

18. Grid-connected community micro- hydro Mae Kam Pong village, Chiang Mai 40 kW Community cooperative Expected gross revenues: 30,000 baht/month

19. 40 kW micro-hydro generator at Mae Kam Pong Cost – typically Baht 40,000 to 160,000 per kW Baht 2 to 5 per kWh Very site-specific

20. Hydraulic ram pump www.agr.gc.ca

21. Hydraulic Ram Pump http://www.gerlecreek.com/images/pumps.jpg

22. Micro-hydroelectricity Source: Inversin, A. R. (1986). Micro-Hydropower Sourcebook. height Power = 5 x height x flow Watts metersliters per second

23. Measuring height (head) using site level Image by Ben Root www.homepower.com

24. Measuring height (carpenter’s level method)

25. Measuring height (inclinometer)

26. Measuring flow (bucket method)

27. Measuring flow – velocity/area method Image by Ben Root www.homepower.com

28. Micro-hydro possibility: existing irrigation pipes >50 meters

29. Micro-hydro possibility: existing irrigation pipes >50 meters

30. Big wind turbines Hundreds of kW to 5 MW Baht 50,000 to 70,000 per kW Power costs in Thailand…maybe 4 to 6 baht/kWh www.windpower.org

31. 100 kW Wind turbine ReCycle Engineering, Chonburi

32. Idealized power curve for wind turbine Power proportional to windspeed cubed! www.awea.org

33. Wind Energy Potential Map Average speed 4.4 - 6.4 m/sec Power Potential 1,600 MW

34. Wind power site assessment Measure wind speed 1 year At least 10 meters above buildings, trees within 150 meters. www.nrgsystems.com

35. Small wind turbines Bergey XL-1 Rotor Diameter: 2.5 m Rated Wind Speed: 11 m/s Rated Power: 1000 Watts Cost: $2450 not incl tower Baht 7 to 10 per kWh www.bergey.com

36. Make your own… www.otherpower.com/learningcurve.html

37. Wind for water pumping

38. Wind for water pumping – salt farms

40. 1 m 5 m 6 m 4.5 m

41. 0.5 m

42. 0.3 m 2 m

43. Biogas from Pig Farms Reduces air and water pollution Produces fertilizer Produces electricity

44. Biogas from Pig Farms

45. For more information Chris Greacen Palang Thai Tel. 02-672-0364 chris@palangthai.org www.palangthai.org