2. Modals GSSS Sehbaazpura(Ludhiana) Jagtaar Singh(ENG)

3. Index Objectives Introduction What do modals do? Types of modals Try Your Luck! Practice Exercises

4. Objectives This module is designed to instruct students in the use of English modal auxiliary verbs through the use of instruction, examples, and exercises. By the end of the module, students should be able to identify the nine different types of modals and their functions in a particular sentence.

5. Introduction Just like Spanish, English makes great use of helping verbs, which modify the main verb of a sentence in different ways. One of the most numerous types of auxiliaries is the modal, which has nine different types. They modify the main verb by indicating modality, or manner.

6. What does a modal do? Modals always precede the main verb and have several functions that often overlap. They indicate modality, or, how something is done. There are nine main types of modals: can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, must, & might.

7. Types of Modals - Can: indicates physical ability in the present tense.EX: I can hold my breath for 2 minutes. It can also indicate permission, in informal situations. EX: Can I go with you? - Could: Is sometimes referred to as the past tense of can. It can indicate past ability... EX: I could lift 300 lbs. when I was younger. …or it can show possibility. EX: It could rain tomorrow.

8. - Shall: can show intention. It can also indicate willingness. EX: We shall win the war!EX: Shall I accompany you to dinner? Should: indicates logical necessity. This is a logical conclusion reached through common sense. It is not, however, an obligation. EX: You should sleep eight hours a night.

9. Will: Can show willingness, much like shall.It can indicate intention as well. EX: Will you help me study for the test EX: I will be number one! Would: Also shows willingness. EX: Would you excuse me?

10. May: Refers to permission in a formal setting, as well as possibility. EX: May I help you? EX: The road may be blocked. Might: Indicates possibility. EX: It might be too late for dinner. Must: Shows obligation. EX: You must eat to live.

11. Try Your Luck! Let’s see if we can identify the functions of some modal auxiliary verbs in sentences. The waiter will be bringing our order soon. intentionLogical necessity permission

12. Want to try one more? Here you go! It might rain today. permissionPhysical ability possibility

13. Fill in the blanks 1.The plane ____leave at noon tomorrow. 2.Mandy _____ with either Sam or Frodo. 3.I _____return! 4.Sandeep ____ swim very fast! 5.It _____ too late for goodbyes. 6.You _____ turn to the dark side, Luke! 7.____ I have a soda? 8.How ______ I be of service? 9. It ____be mine!

14. Answers 1.The plane should leave at noon tomorrow. 2.Mandy could go with either Sam or Frodo. 3.I shall return! 4.Sandeep can swim very fast! 5.It might be too late for goodbyes. 6.You must turn to the dark side, Luke! 7.Can I have a soda? 8.How may I be of service? 9. It will be mine!

15. Success!

16. Incorrect! Please Try Again.

17. Bibleography 1.http://www.englishpage.com/modals/moda lintro.html 2.http://www.learnenglish.org.uk/grammar/ar chive/modal_verbs01.html 3.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_modal _auxiliary_verb 4.English-Grammer 9 th class book.