1. Understanding Solutions

2. What is a Solution?
Well mixed mixture that contains a solvent and at least 1 solute.
A solution has the same properties throughout.
Cannot see individual particles.

3. Parts of a Solution
Solute- substance that is present in smaller amount and is dissolved by the solvent.
Solvent- substance that is present in a larger amount and dissolves the solute.

4. Why is water the universal solvent?
Water the most common solvent
It dissolves so many substances that it is call the universal solvent.
Examples:
sugar and water is the starting point for most flavored drinks
Water is the solvent in blood, sweat, tears, and saliva

5. Solutions without water
A solution can be made with any combination of gases, liquids and solids.
Examples:
Air (Oxygen and other gases in nitrogen
Dental filling (silver in mercury
Brass (zinc and copper)
Stainless steel (chromium, nickel, and carbon in iron)
Gasoline

6. What is a Colloid?
A mixture containing small undissolved particles that do not settle out
A colloid contains larger particles than a solution ( still not large enough to see) but are able to scatter light.
Examples:
Milk
Fog
Shaving cream
Whipped cream

7. What is suspension?
A mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration
Suspensions contain visible particles that are larger than the particles in a colloid or solution
Examples:
Snow globes
Sand in water
dust

8. Solutions, Colloids & Suspensions

9. Solutions and Conductivity
Ionic compounds dissolved in water conduct electricity
Salt water
Molecular compounds dissolved in water do NOT conduct electricity
Sugar water

10. How does a solute effect the solvent?
Solutes lower the freezing point and raise the boiling point of a solvent.

11. How is concentration measured?
Compare the amount of solute to the amount of solvent
Dilute Solution- only a little solute dissolved
Concentrated Solution- a lot of solute dissolved

12. What is solubility?
Measure of how much solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature
Saturated solution= no more solute can be dissolved
Unsaturated solution= more solute can still be dissolved
Supersaturated solution= more dissolved solute than is predicted by its solubility at the given temperature

13. Factors Affecting Solubility
Pressure affects the solubility of gases
Type of solvent;
- “like dissolves like”, oil and water not mixing
Temperature
Solids become less soluble as the temperature of the solvent decreases
Gasses become less soluble as the temperature increases