1. 1 J, 2008 U Solvent Development for CO 2 Capture Ugochukwu E. Aronu and Hallvard F. Svendsen Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim, NORWAY

2. 2 Outline Research Plan Overview CO2 Capture Amine Solvent Review Structure – pKa Relationship VLE Experiment Summary

3. 3 Research Plan Overview  Review of CO 2 capture solvents -Properties of an ideal solvent -Suggested/Future amine solvents  Screening Tests - Amine systems will be screened for absorption capacity and absorption rate  VLE Experiments -VLE experiment on selected system -Thermodynamic model of VLE results  Kinetics Experiments - Rate determination - Kinetics model  Physicochemical Properties Determination -pKa, Solubility, Viscousity, Activity Coefficient, Density  Simulations-HSYS

4. 4 Objective Objective of this project is to develop solvent(s) that will be able to meet considerably the present and/or future requirements of an ideal solvent for carbon dioxde capture. Some of the key requirements of the solvent(s) include:  High absorption capacity  High absorption rate  Low regeneration energy  Chemically stable  Non-corrosive  Cheap  Environmentally friendly

5. 5 CO 2 Capture Solvents Review Ideal Solvent Properties of Interest Here we look at the desired properties of an ideal solvent and how such property is related to CO 2 capture process - Dissociation Constant (pKa) - Heat of reaction - Solubility - Molecular weight - Degradation- Corrosion - Foaming- Vapour Pressure - Reaction Kinetics- Cost - Toxicity/Environmental properties Solvent Collection –Commercial Solvent –Single Solvent –Blended Solvent

6. 6 Commercial Amine Processes & Solvents Amine Process/SolventDeveloperSolvent Composition Cansolv® CO2 capture System (Absorbent DC 101 TM ) Cansolv Technologies Inc.Tertiary amine and promoter mixture Flour Daniel Econamine FGSM process Dow Chemical and Union Carbide 30wt% MEA with inhibitor Kansai-Mitsubishi proprietary Carbon Dioxide Recovery Process (KM-CDR) KS-1 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) Ltd and Kansai Electric Power Co., Ltd Hindered amine and promoter mixture BASF activated methyldiethanolamine (aMDEA) BASFMDEA mixture with accelerator, Piperazine Kerr-McGee/ABB Lummus Crest Technology Kerr-McGee15-20wt% MEA without inhibitors UCARSOL TM AP 800 SeriesDow Chemical CompanyAccelerated MDEA (MDEA/Piperazine mixture) ADIP-X TechnologyShell Global SolutionAccelerated MDEA (MDEA/Piperazine mixture) Just Catch TM Aker Kvaerner

7. 7 Some Single Amine Solvents

8. 8 Structure - pKa Relationship Chain Length Effect

9. 9 Structure - pKa relationship Multifunctional Amine Group Effect

10. 10 Structure - pKa relationship Alkyl Group Effect

11. 11 Structure - pKa Relationship Hydroxyl Group Effect-Primary Alkanolamine

12. 12 VLE Apparatus

13. 13 VLE Test Result

14. 14 Summary Several amines solvents have been suggested for CO 2 Capture It appears there is relationship between amines structures and their pKa value Effort is to explain this relationship using electron donation and withdrawal through bonds and solvation effect To know the benefit that could be derived from this relationship in CO2 capture process, particularly in solvent selection VLE Experiments continues

15. 15 Thank You