1. Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer Tiny beetle, smaller than a sesame seed Larvae live in galleries within trees and feed on fungus Beetles create holes in trees, pattern resembles a shot-gun spray Adult beetle is rarely seen, instead look for signs of an infestation Identifying Characteristics

2. Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer Relationship between Fungus and Borer Pregnant female borers create galleries beneath the bark The fungus is deposited in the galleries and begins to spread through the tree Female borers lay their eggs in the galleries The eggs hatch and larvae eat the fungus Larvae mature into adults and mate while still in the galleries Pregnant females then carry the fungus in their mouths and leave in search of a new tree Galleries Mature PSHBEgg, larvae, adult 2

3. Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer Common Host Trees Coast Live Oak California Sycamore Big Leaf Maple Box Elder American Sweet Gum Avocado Coast Live Oak American Sweet Gum 3

4. Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer Map – Range of Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer American Elm 4

5. 5 1.Holes the size of a ballpoint pen tip 2.Holes may be surrounded by wet or dry discoloration 3.Small mounds of white, powdery substance may surround holes Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer What to Look For 1 23

6. 6 1.Holes the size of a ballpoint pen tip 2.Holes may be surrounded by wet or dry discoloration 3.Small mounds of white, powdery substance may surround holes Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer What to Look For 1 23

7. 7 1.Holes the size of a ballpoint pen tip 2.Holes may be surrounded by wet or dry discoloration 3.Small mounds of white, powdery substance may surround holes Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer What to Look For 1 23

8. 8 YEAR-ROUND: Holes surrounded by dry or wet bark, mounds of white powdery substance surrounding holes, fluids dripping from holes Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer What to Look For (cont.)

9. 9 Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer Additional Resources USDA http://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5441594. pdf Don’t Move Firewood http://www.dontmovefirewood.org/gallery-of-pests/polyphagous-shot- hole-borer.html Outsmart Invasives Video Clip https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDlCw0Qnpvg EDDMaps: Reporting App for Smartphones http://www.eddmaps.org/