1. UNIT 5
Pathology, Otorhinolaryngology, and Prefixes dys-, brady-, tachy- poly-, syn-

2. “C” Rule of Pronunciation
When followed by o, u, a, or a consonant, “c” is pronounced with a “k” sound:
coat, cut, cake, cluck
When followed by i, e, or y, “c” is pronounced with a soft “c” or “s” sound:
city, cereal, cycle

3. “C” Rule of Pronunciation
Hard “c” words:
colon
cardiac
cocci
coccus
chlamydia
candida
Soft “c” words:
cystocele
bacilli
cerebral
encephalitis
cyanosis
cystectomy

4. Disease-producing microorganisms
curved rods
cocci
bacilli
viruses
other pathogens

5. Cocci: spherically shaped bacteria
Cocci growing in pairs =
dipl/o/cocci
Cocci growing in twisted chains = strept/o/cocci (Streptococcus pyogenes)
Cocci growing in clusters = staphyl/o/cocci (Staphylococus aureus)

6. Bacilli: rod-shaped bacteria
Rod-shaped bacteria growing in pairs =
dipl/o/bacilli
Rod-shaped bacteria growing in twisted chains =
strept/o/bacilli

7. Singular/Plural Bacterium = singular form Bacteria = plural form
Coccus = singular form
Cocci = plural form
Bacillus = singular form
Bacilli = plural form

8. Staphyl/o Greek for “a cluster of grapes”
Also refers to the palatine uvula
The “hangy-down”
thing in the back
of the mouth.

9. Py/o The combining form used for words involving pus
a liquid inflammation product made up of cells (leukocytes), a thin fluid, and cellular debris

10. -rrhea a suffix meaning flow or discharge: diarrhea pyorrhea otorrhea
rhinorrhea

11. Ot/o Tympan/o Greek word root meaning ear
Greek word root meaning eardrum

12. Prefixes: a- not, lack of (before a consonant)
an- not, lack of (before a vowel)
brady- abnormally slow
dys- difficult, abnormal, poor, painful
tachy- abnormally fast

13. Audi/o Phon/o Phas/o combining form for hearing
combining form for voice or vocal sounds
Phas/o
combining form for speech

14. Rhin/o Lith/o Chol/e from the Greek word meaning nose-horn
the combining form for calculus or stone
Chol/e
the combining form for gall or bile

15. Pne/o
from the Greek word for breath
-pnea
a suffix meaning breathing

16. Peps/o
from the Greek word for digestion

17. More prefixes: hyper- more than or above hypo- less than or below
micro- small
macro- large
syn- with or together
pro- before
poly- too much or too many

18. Sound made by “c” followed by an “o”k j x
correct answer: B

19. Sound made by “c” followed by an “i”k j x
correct answer: A

20. Plural for round-shaped bacteria
bacilli
bacillus
coccus
cocci
correct answer: D

21. Prefix for double
tri-
diplo-
daplo-
ex-
Correct answer: B

22. Combining form for twisted chains
strep
strepto
stretp
strept
correct answer: B

23. Combining form for uvula
staphylo
strepto
vulvo
uvul
correct answer: A

24. Suffix for flow or discharge
-itis
-rrhagia
-pnea
-rrhea
correct answer: D

25. Combining form for ear
audio
tympano
oto
oculo
correct answer: C

26. Suffix for surgical repair
-acopy
-tomy
-ectomy
-plasty
correct answer: D

27. Combining form for bile (gall)
chole
calcul
lith
bil
correct answer: A

28. Singular for rod-shaped bacteria
bacilla
bacillus
coccus
bacterium
correct answer: B

29. Combining form for pus
genic
gen/o
staphyl/o
py/o
correct answer: D

30. Word root for nose ot
rhin
nas/o
lith
correct answer: B

31. Suffix meaning infestation
-iasis
-pathy
-lith
-oid
correct answer: A

32. Suffix for breathing
-pne
-pneo
-pnea
-pepsia
correct answer: C

33. Combining form for heat
tempero
thermal
thermo
Fahrenheit
correct answer: C

34. Prefix for small
incro-
macro-
micro-
hypo-
correct answer: C

35. Prefix for large
macro-
megaly-
micro-
poly-
correct answer: A

36. Prefix for join together
inter-
intra-
osis-
syn-
correct answer: D

37. Suffix for thirst
-hydro
-dipsia
-mania
-poly
correct answer: B

38. Word root for finger or toe (digits)
acro
dactyl
digit
phalang B

39. Prefix for many or much
poly-
olig-
hyper-
sub-
correct answer: A