1. The National Plant Diagnostic Network This slide show was adapted from a presentation by Dr. Kitty Cardwell, NPDN Project Manager for the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service at USDA in Washington, D.C. Why it’s needed Where it is What it does How it works

2. Why is the N ational P lant D iagnostic N etwork needed?

3. A national plant diagnostic network is necessary for several reasons: The disbursed and exposed nature of U.S. agriculture requires a distributed and shared network for detection, diagnosis and communications It is essential to ensure a rapid and effective response to suspected problems Provides for standardization of tests and reporting protocols Allows resources to flow directly and indirectly to all Land Grant Universities (LGU) Source: James Schoelz

4. … enhanced security of the U.S. agricultural sector from biosecurity threats. This is accomplished through the protection of health and productivity of plants in agricultural and natural ecosystems. The Overall Goal of NPDN is…

5. How is the N ational P lant D iagnostic N etwork organized?

6. The 5 Regional Areas of NPDN Great Plains Region Western Region North Central Region Southern Region Northeast Region

7. Utilize a cohesive, nationwide network of public agricultural institutions to quickly detect high consequence pests and pathogens that have been accidentally or deliberately introduced into agricultural and natural ecosystems; identify them, and report them to appropriate responders & decision makers. This was accomplished through the establishment of five Regional Diagnostic Centers. Objective of the NPDN project:

8. Where are NPDN ’s five Regional Diagnostic Centers?

9. 5 Regional Plant Diagnostic Centers Cornell University Western Region Kansas State University Great Plains Region North Central Region Southern Region Northeast Region Michigan State University University of California Davis University of Florida

10.  Provides leadership & coordination to state and university plant diagnostic labs  Serves as a diagnostic resource for the region  Creates an effective communication network between regional experts  Establishes reporting protocols with the national diagnostic network participants  Catalogs pest & disease occurrence to be included in national database at NAPIS FAST FACTS about the 5 NPDN Regional Diagnostic Centers

11. a National Agricultural Pest Information System (NAPIS) serves as a clearinghouse for USDA/APHIS and houses national data regarding diagnostics and survey activities across the U.S. Beyond the 5 regional diagnostic centers: NOTE: NAPIS serves NPDN, but is not officially a part of that network.

12. NAPIS: National Agricultural Pest Information System NAPIS is located at Purdue University in Indiana

13.  Provides nationwide plant pest survey data  References all data to state/county  Provides feed-back loop to APHIS and regional centers  Also works in conjunction with the Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey (CAPS) FAST FACTS about the National Agricultural Pest Information System

14. Did You Know? NPDN is also a segment of a larger Animal & Plant Disease and Pest Surveillance & Detection Network

15. Animal & Plant Disease and Pest Surveillance & Detection Network Washington State University Animal-Satellite Cornell University Animal-Satellite & Regional Plant Diagnostic Ctr. Rollins Laboratory, North Carolina Animal-Satellite UC Davis Regional Plant Diagnostic Ctr. & Animal-Core Texas A&M University Animal-Core Kansas State University Regional Plant Diagnostic Ctr. University of Florida Animal-Satellite & Regional Plant Diagnostic Ctr. Michigan State University Regional Plant Diagnostic Ctr. Purdue University NAPIS Iowa State University Animal- Satellite Colorado State University Animal Core University of Arizona Animal-Satellite Louisiana State University Animal- Satellite University of Georgia Animal-Core University Of Wisconsin Animal-Core Oklahoma State University Animal Diagnostic Support Texas Tech University Plant Diagnostic Support

16. FAST FACTS about the Animal & Plant Disease and Pest Surveillance & Detection Network Enhances biosecurity for U.S. agricultural production systems Provides rapid detection of diseases and pests Forms a strong network to monitor outbreaks USDA intra-agency partnership (CSREES, APHIS & ARS) Collaborates with National Agricultural Pest Information System State Departments of Agriculture Regional Pest Management Centers (includes IPM program) Land Grant Universities Private Labs

17. In the event a producer suspects a plant problem, how does the N ational P lant D iagnostic N etwork operate?

18. FAST FACTS about How NPDN Operates: Step 1: Producer suspects a problem in a field or orchard and contacts local or regional Extension professional. The appropriate point of contact is determined by each state’s Extension system.

19. Step 2: If Extension professional concurs with producer, together they document the field history and scope of the suspected problem and collect a viable sample. Methods for collecting viable samples and required documentation are described by APHIS and NPDN.

20. Step 3: Extension professional submits viable sample and appropriate documentation to land grant plant diagnostic laboratory for testing and first diagnosis. Long distance digital diagnosis is also possible. Each state has a plant diagnostic laboratory located at the land grant institution.

21. Step 4: If a new outbreak is detected, the sample and documentation are forwarded to a Regional Diagnostic Center and/or to APHIS for diagnosis confirmation. Universit y of Florida Cornell University Western Region Kansas State University Great Plains Region North Central Region Southern Region Northeast Region Michigan State University University of California Davis University of Florida

22. Step 5: If diagnosis is confirmed, the Regional Diagnostic Center sends recorded data to NAPIS. Western Region Northeast Region Great Plains Region North Central Region Southern Region NAPIS

23. Step 6: If diagnosis is confirmed, the Regional Diagnostic Center director communicates with all other regional centers about the outbreak. Western Region Northeast Region Great Plains Region North Central Region Southern Region

24. Step 7: If a new outbreak is deemed critical, sample and documentation goes to APHIS for action. Southern Region Western Region Northeast Region Great Plains Region North Central Region APHIS

25. Step 8: Concurrently, the Regional Diagnostic Centers also inform the Regional Pest Management Centers, Extension professionals, and as appropriate, Master Gardeners; recovery and mitigation strategies are initiated by APHIS and State Departments of Agriculture with producers. Possible activities include but are not limited to quarantine, monitoring, data collection, APHIS regulations, law enforcement, and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices.

26.  Coordination & governance mechanisms for regional & national networks  Cadre of highly trained first detectors  State-of-the art diagnostic processes  Data analysis processes for event detection  Current data systems and network integration  Provide decision support mechanisms.  Diagnostic surge capacity – trained diagnosticians available in the event of an outbreak In conclusion, NPDN Outputs include:

27. Presentation References National Plant Disease and Pest Diagnostics Network (NP2D2N) (2003) Dr. Kitty Cardwell, CSREES, USDA, Washington, D.C. What we can learn from past and current epidemics in plants (2003) Dr. James Schoelz, University of Missouri-Columbia Special thanks to Dr. Jim Stack, Kansas State University, and Dr. Gail Wisler, University of Florida, for their editorial help with this NPDN presentation.