1. Word list: capillaries blood bronchioles alveolus alveoli
Do Now: copy & complete
The alveoli are bunches of tiny air sacks inside the lungs.
Each individual sack is called an alveolus.
They are located at the end of the bronchioles.
When you breathe in, they fill with air.
The alveoli are covered in tiny blood vessels called capillaries.
The capillaries are very thin (one cell thick) so O2 and CO2 can pass through each alveolus into the blood stream.
Word list: capillaries blood bronchioles alveolus alveoli

2. Reminder: H/W research project due next Tuesday (Week 4) - don’t leave it to the last minute!

3. Mark: Gas Exchange in the Alveoli worksheet Clips: alveoli, Bill Nye…

4. Look at the info sheet on lung diseases: 1) Explain why asthma cause breathing difficulties – sketch the diagram to help your explanation 2) Explain why emphysema cause breathing difficulties – sketch the diagram to help your explanation 3) Explain why bronchitis results in a reduced rate of gas exchange in the lungs.   4) Explain why someone with a severe case of pneumonia may need extra oxygen.

5. How does smoking affect the lungs?
Which picture shows the healthy lungs of a non-smoker and which show the unhealthy lungs of a smoker?
Photos courtesy of PresMark.com.
healthy lungs
smoker’s lungs
Not a difficult question to answer but some people still think that smoking is cool!

6. How does smoking affect health?
dental hygiene
problems
lung cancer
asthma
heart disease
impaired
immune system
facial wrinkles
cervical cancer
emphysema
kidney cancer
Effects of smoking on health
mouth, lip and
throat cancer
leukaemia
bronchitis
sperm abnormalities
and impotence
pancreatic cancer
Increased risk for smokers
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (gum disease); Muscle injuries; Angina (20 x risk); Neck pain; Back pain; Nystagmus (abnormal eye movements); Buerger’s Disease (severe circulatory disease); Ocular Histoplasmosis (fungal eye infection); Duodenal ulcer; Osteoporosis (in both sexes); Cataract (2 x risk); Osteoarthritis; Cataract, posterior subcapsular (3 x risk); Penis (inability to have an erection); Colon Polyps; Peripheral vascular disease; Crohn’s Disease (chronic inflamed bowel); Pneumonia; Depression; Psoriasis (2 x risk); Diabetes (Type 2, non-insulin dependent); Skin wrinkling (2 x risk); Hearing loss; Stomach ulcer; Influenza; Rheumatoid arthritis (for heavy smokers); Impotence (2 x risk); Tendon injuries; Optic Neuropathy (loss of vision, 16 x risk); Tobacco Amblyopia (loss of vision); Ligament injuries; Tooth loss; Macular degeneration (eyes, 2 x risk); Tuberculosis.
Function impaired in smokers
Ejaculation (volume reduced); Sperm count reduced; Fertility (30% lower in women); Sperm motility impaired; Immune System (impaired); Sperm less able to penetrate the ovum; Menopause (onset 1.74 years early on average); Sperm shape abnormalities increased.
Symptoms worse in smokers
Asthma; Graves’ disease (over-active thyroid gland); Chronic rhinitis (chronic inflammation of the nose); Multiple Sclerosis; Diabetic retinopathy (eyes); Optic Neuritis (eyes).
Disease more severe or persistent in smokers
Common cold; Pneumonia; Crohn’s Disease (chronic inflamed bowel); Tuberculosis; Influenza.
testicular cancer
osteoporosis
stomach cancer
liver cancer
menstrual
problems
bladder cancer

7. Asthma

8. Emphysema
Caused by exposure to toxic chemicals or long-term exposure to tobacco smoke.

9. Emphysema