Click the mouse button or press the space bar to continue

Click the mouse button or press the space bar to continue
UNIT 3, Part 2 Loves and Losses Click the mouse button or press the space bar to continue

Click a selection title to go to the corresponding selection menu.
Unit 3, Part 2 MAIN MENU Loves and Losses (pages 617–644) Click a selection title to go to the corresponding selection menu.

Selection Menu (pages 617–621)
Before You Read Reading the Selection After You Read

Click the picture to learn about the author.
BEFORE YOU READ Meet Jimmy Santiago Baca Click the picture to learn about the author.

BEFORE YOU READ Connecting to the Poem The speaker in “I Am Offering This Poem” is a person of few possessions who compensates for a lack of material wealth with an intangible but powerful force: love.

Before you read the poem, think about the following questions:
Connecting to the Poem Before you read the poem, think about the following questions: What value do you place on material objects? How important is love when compared to these things?

BEFORE YOU READ Building Background The traditional homes of Navajo Indians, called hogans, are most often built from logs and mud. Occasionally constructed from stone, the humble dwellings have no windows and frame a single entrance facing east. Usually covered by a blanket, this entrance is one of only two openings. The other opening, in the dome-shaped roof, allows smoke to pass from the fire within. With little or no furniture to border the fire, the residing family gathers and sleeps on sheepskins placed over the earthen floor.

Setting Purposes for Reading
BEFORE YOU READ Setting Purposes for Reading Loves and Losses As you read “I Am Offering This Poem,” observe the speaker’s uncommon demonstrations of love.

BEFORE YOU READ Setting Purposes for Reading Metaphor and Simile Simile is a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two otherwise dissimilar objects or ideas by connecting them with the words like or as. Metaphor is a figure of speech that compares two seemingly unlike things.

BEFORE YOU READ Setting Purposes for Reading Metaphor and Simile Unlike simile, metaphor implies the comparison rather than stating it directly and does not use the connectives like or as. As you read, note the author’s use of metaphor and simile and draw inferences from his decisions to use figurative language.

BEFORE YOU READ Previewing and Reviewing Previewing is looking over a selection before you read it. It lets you begin to see what you already know and what you will need to know to understand the piece. It also helps you set a purpose for reading.

BEFORE YOU READ Previewing and Reviewing Reviewing is going back over what you have read to remember what is important and to organize ideas so that you will recall them later. Reviewing is especially important when you have ideas and information to remember.

BEFORE YOU READ Previewing and Reviewing Reading Tip: Scanning Before reading Baca’s poem in its entirety, quickly skim through it. Focus on the lines or stanzas that most interest you. Use a chart like the one on the next slide to jot down the things that attracted you to the words in the first place.

BEFORE YOU READ Previewing and Reviewing Once you have recorded the lines and why you like them, take your previewing a step further and note the stylistic patterns of the author.

Previewing and Reviewing
BEFORE YOU READ Previewing and Reviewing

Click a vocabulary term to listen to the definition.
BEFORE YOU READ mature adj. having reached a desired state (p.619) The seed has grown into a vast and mature tree. dense adj. thick (p. 619) The girl’s hair was dense with waves and curls. Click a vocabulary term to listen to the definition.

READING THE SELECTION Loves and Losses As you read, consider the following question. How might this poem change if the narrator were wealthy?

READING THE SELECTION Answer: Possible responses: The narrator would not be so dependent on abstract expressions of love; he would have tangible things to help him express his feelings. The poem would not change; although able to purchase material things, he would still understand their limited worth.

READING THE SELECTION Literary Element Metaphor and Simile Read the text highlighted in purple on page 619. What device has the poet employed here? Answer: Metaphor; the poem is not literally a pot full of yellow corn.

READING THE SELECTION Reading Strategy Previewing and Reviewing Read the text highlighted in blue on page 619. Besides expressing feelings for one person, what else is the speaker expressing in this poem? Answer: That the love he is expressing is sustaining and invaluable.

Responding and Thinking Critically
AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Respond (a) Who do you think this poem is intended for? Explain. (b) How would you expect the recipient to feel after reading the poem?

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Respond Answer: (a) A family member or close friend or the narrator’s girlfriend or wife (b) Most likely grateful for the narrator’s commitment to love despite his inability to provide tangible examples of it.

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Recall and Interpret (a) What reason does the speaker give for offering this poem? (b) What does this suggest about the speaker? Answer: (a) Because he has nothing else to give (b) That he is courageous or foolish, honorable or impractical for offering only words

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Recall and Interpret (a) What kinds of things does the speaker advise be done with the poem? (b) Why does the speaker believe that the poem can accomplish these things? Answer: (a) That it serve as food, clothing, and shelter (b) Because it is a metaphor for love, and love is a powerful, encompassing energy

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Recall and Interpret (a) What does the speaker propose is the one thing people require for existence? (b) What can you infer about the poet from this proposal? Answer: (a) The poem, which is a symbol for love (b) That he considers love a compelling and necessary force with great capabilities

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Analyze and Evaluate (a) How does the poem’s structure help convey its message? (b) How else might the poem be structured and still communicate this message? Answer: (a) “I love you” is repeated and isolated, indicating its importance. (b) By including “I love you” in the existing stanzas or before each stanza

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Analyze and Evaluate (a) How does Baca reveal characteristics of the speaker without directly showing his actions? (b) How do these characteristics help communicate the author’s message?

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Analyze and Evaluate Answer: (a) Examples: financial status by an admission of possessing nothing, self-worth by a willingness to offer himself in place of material things (b) The message of love is communicated by being given a person’s only and most valued possession.

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Analyze and Evaluate (a) How does Baca divide the poem’s stanzas? (b) How does the first stanza compare with the second? With the third and fourth stanzas?

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Analyze and Evaluate Answer: (a) The first stanza addresses warmth; the second, nourishment; the third, security; the fourth, the poem’s necessity. (b) The first and second stanzas address the specific qualities of clothing and food; the third, security and warmth; and the fourth, all encompassing.

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Connect Loves and Losses Baca has experienced great loss in his life, including the loss of loved ones and his own freedom. How might these losses have inspired “I Am Offering This Poem”? Answer: You may say that Baca’s profound sense of loss and hardship gives him a better appreciation of love’s worth.

AFTER YOU READ Metaphor and Simile A metaphor compares two or more different things by stating or implying that one thing actually is another. A simile emphasizes a specific feature of something by comparing it to a separate object that is characteristic of that feature.

AFTER YOU READ Metaphor and Simile In order for a metaphor or simile to be successful, the comparison must be convincing. When Sandra Cisneros writes, “I’ve been waiting patient as a spider all these years,” the reader understands the simile because persistence is a quality attributed to spiders.

AFTER YOU READ Metaphor and Simile Identify two or three metaphors or similes in “I Am Offering This Poem.” How does the use of these devices enhance the poem?

AFTER YOU READ Metaphor and Simile Answer: Examples include: “like a warm coat”, “like a pair of thick socks”, “tucked away like a cabin or hogan.” These devices increase the reader’s understanding and enjoyment of a line or passage.

AFTER YOU READ Metaphor and Simile Change one of the poem’s metaphors to a simile and then change one of its similes to a metaphor. How does the switch affect the descriptions?

AFTER YOU READ Metaphor and Simile Answer: Examples: “Keep it like a warm coat” to “It is a warm coat”; “so it is a pot full of yellow corn” to “it is like a pot full of yellow corn” Students may notice that these slight changes seriously affect the author’s style.

AFTER YOU READ Review: Lyric Poetry As you learned on page 611, lyric poetry articulates the private thoughts and feelings of its speaker. Generally, lyric poetry is brief and melodic, yet packed with emotional intensity.

AFTER YOU READ Review: Lyric Poetry Partner Activity With a partner, read “I Am Offering This Poem” one stanza at a time. After completing a stanza, discuss the thoughts, feelings, and level of emotional intensity conveyed through its lines.

AFTER YOU READ Review: Lyric Poetry Use a chart like the one on the next slide to track your discussion. Record the ideas and emotions you imagine the author experienced when writing the poem or record the ideas and emotions you experienced while reading it.

AFTER YOU READ Review: Lyric Poetry

AFTER YOU READ Previewing and Reviewing By previewing, you can often find clues about the content of a selection before you begin reading. Similarly, reviewing the material will help you to remember important details.

AFTER YOU READ Previewing and Reviewing The speaker compares his or her love to warming things. What does this tell you about the speaker’s frame of mind? Answer: Responses should express the speaker’s desire to have the person he loves feel comforted, secure, and safe.

AFTER YOU READ Previewing and Reviewing Explain how the poem and the speaker are to be used like a compass through life. Answer: Responses should include “. . . if you were lost, needing direction” and “. . . and I will answer, give you directions.”

AFTER YOU READ Previewing and Reviewing Practice with Connotation and Denotation Decide whether each sentence uses the vocabulary word with a positive or negative connotation.

The young man’s mature demeanor impressed the interviewer.
AFTER YOU READ Previewing and Reviewing The young man’s mature demeanor impressed the interviewer. positive negative

AFTER YOU READ Previewing and Reviewing The correctional officers leapt into the dense crowd of riotous prisoners. positive negative

Here are two words from the vocabulary list.
AFTER YOU READ Academic Vocabulary Here are two words from the vocabulary list. likewise adv. in like manner nonetheless adv. nevertheless

Academic Vocabulary Practice and Apply
AFTER YOU READ Academic Vocabulary Practice and Apply The first stanza of “I Am Offering This Poem” is comprised of six lines. Likewise, the last stanza contains six lines. Re-examine the stanzas and determine two additional structural similarities.?

AFTER YOU READ Academic Vocabulary Practice and Apply Answer: Both stanzas contain lines of no more than eight words, and they consist of mainly nouns and verbs.

Unit 1, Part 1 AFTER YOU READ Academic Vocabulary Practice and Apply The speaker has little of material value; nonetheless, he or she is unselfish and benevolent. How might a person of modest means develop this generous spirit? Answer: By giving him a less materialistic view of life

Writing About Literature
AFTER YOU READ Writing About Literature Apply Form and Style At first glance, Baca’s poem might appear to be a simple collection of love verses. Upon further examination, the poem becomes much more.

AFTER YOU READ Writing About Literature A unique arrangement of words filled with emotion, the lyric poem highlights a very personal love story and simultaneously boasts the expert style of its author. Such creative writing is surely challenging, but begins to take shape with practice.

AFTER YOU READ Writing About Literature It is possible to strengthen your own creative writing skills through imitation. Write a lyric poem on love or loss that imitates Baca’s style and uses the form displayed in “I Am Offering This Poem.” Be sure to include a refrain, which is a line or set of lines that is repeated throughout a poem or song. “I love you” is the recurring refrain in “I Am Offering This Poem.”

AFTER YOU READ Writing About Literature Before you begin drafting, create a Venn Diagram like the one on the next slide that compares and contrasts Baca’s style to your own. By separating the similarities and differences, your diagram should help you determine what stylistic features you share with Baca. Use this likeness to guide your imitation of his style.

AFTER YOU READ Writing About Literature

AFTER YOU READ Writing About Literature Once your draft is complete, exchange poems with a peer reviewer and evaluate each other’s work for style and form. Then edit your draft for errors in spelling, grammar, and punctuation.

AFTER YOU READ Literature Group With a group of students, discuss the importance of communicating feelings to loved ones. Can love be truly expressed through gestures alone or are words needed? Support your views by drawing on your personal experiences.

BEFORE YOU READ Meet E. E. Cummings Click the picture to learn about the author.

BEFORE YOU READ Connecting to the Poem How important are our feelings? In this poem, Cummings reflects on the value of feeling.

BEFORE YOU READ Connecting to the Poem Before you read, think about the following questions: Is emotion, or feeling, valuable in other areas of life besides romantic relationships? Do you ever make a decision based on the way you feel?

BEFORE YOU READ Building Background E. E. Cummings is known for manipulating syntax, or word order, in his poetry. As critic Richard P. Blackmur wrote, “Cummings has a fine talent for using familiar, even almost dead words, in such a context as to make them suddenly impervious to every ordinary sense; they become unable to speak, but with a great air of being bursting with something very important and precise to say.”

BEFORE YOU READ Building Background Cummings uses familiar words in unexpected places to surprise his readers and call their attention to the flexibility of language. As you read “since feeling is first,” note places where Cummings arranges words in innovative ways.

BEFORE YOU READ Setting Purposes for Reading Loves and Losses As you read the poem, notice what Cummings considers to be of lesser value than feeling.

BEFORE YOU READ Setting Purposes for Reading Juxtaposition Juxtaposition is placing two or more distinct items or ideas side by side in order to compare or contrast them. Recognizing juxtaposition can help you understand the layers of meaning that an author intends to convey.

BEFORE YOU READ Setting Purposes for Reading Juxtaposition As you read the poem, examine how Cummings uses juxtaposition to increase his reader’s understanding of the power of feeling.

BEFORE YOU READ Paraphrasing Paraphrasing is taking the author’s exact meaning and putting it into your own words. Paraphrasing a poem can help you get past unusual phrasing and punctuation. This will be especially helpful for poems by Cummings since he is known for using an eccentric style. While reading “since feeling is first,” try to paraphrase Cummings’s ideas.

BEFORE YOU READ Paraphrasing Reading Tip: Listing Important Words To get ready for paraphrasing, you may want to list words from the poem that seem particularly important to the author’s meaning. Use a chart like the one on the next slide to list important words as you read. Note which part of speech each word represents—is the word a noun, a verb, an adjective, or an adverb?

BEFORE YOU READ Paraphrasing Be sure you understand the meaning of each word. Make the chart any length you need. Then try rewriting lines of the poem in your own words.

BEFORE YOU READ Paraphrasing

BEFORE YOU READ syntax n. ordered structure or systematic arrangement; the rules of language (p. 624) Standard English syntax places the subject before the verb in a sentence. parenthesis n. digression of afterthought; disruption in continuity (p. 624) No parenthesis marred the flow of main ideas in his argument. Click a vocabulary term to listen to the definition.

READING THE SELECTION Loves and Losses Keep the following questions in mind as you read. How does Cummings feel about feelings, love, or romance? Answer: The title indicates that the poet believes feelings supersede logic or intellect.

READING THE SELECTION Literary Element Juxtaposition Read the text highlighted in purple on page 624. Why does Cummings choose to compare kisses and wisdom? Answer: “Kisses” stand for an emotional response that is being shown as superior to intellectual activity.

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Respond When you read “since feeling is first,” did it seem like a love poem? Explain. Answer: Answers will vary.

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Recall and Interpret (a) What kind of person does the poem’s speaker say “will never wholly kiss you”? (b) What do you think Cummings means by this? Answer: (a) Someone who pays attention to the syntax (b) A person concerned with rules cannot fully experience feelings.

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Recall and Interpret (a) In the poem, when is it acceptable to be a fool? (b) Why do you think the speaker limits being foolish to a particular time period? Answer: (a) In springtime (b) Spring is traditionally thought of as the season to be in love and of being foolish.

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Recall and Interpret (a) What does the speaker swear by when he addresses the lady in the second stanza? (b) Why would the speaker choose to swear by this particular image? Answer: (a) “By all flowers” (b) Flowers have romantic and emotional connotations.

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Analyze and Evaluate Does the poem suggest that “feeling is first” only in a relationship of love? Explain. Answer: The poem suggests that emotion is of primary importance in all of life.

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Analyze and Evaluate Cummings ends the poem with “life’s not a paragraph” and death “is no parenthesis.” Does this ending fit the rest of the poem? Why or why not? Answer: You may discuss life as an ongoing process, not constrained by “syntax” or logic.

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Analyze and Evaluate Cummings uses minimal capitalization in his poem. Does Cummings’ disregard for rules of capitalization strengthen or weaken the poem? Explain. Answer: You should present your opinions, supported by examples.

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Connect Loves and Losses What does the poem suggest to you about where feelings should rank in your own life? How much importance do you place on your emotions? Answer: Answers will vary.

AFTER YOU READ Juxtaposition Writers often use juxtaposition to compare unlike objects, actions, ideas, characters, settings, phrases, or words, creating a particular effect. In “since feeling is first,” Cummings juxtaposes intellectual activity with emotional response.

AFTER YOU READ Juxtaposition Identify examples of juxtaposition in “since feeling is first.” Explain how they support the theme. Answer: Answers will vary.

AFTER YOU READ Juxtaposition How effective are these juxtapositions in conveying the speaker’s meaning? Support your answer with details. Answer: They clarify the poet’s overall meaning and encourage readers to connect with the poem.

AFTER YOU READ Writing About Literature Analyze Figurative Language Poets often use metaphors to imply a comparison between two seemingly unlike things. Identify the metaphors Cummings uses for both emotion and reason in “since feeling is first.” Write a short analysis in which you identify and explain the metaphors. Include examples from the poem and your personal experience.

AFTER YOU READ Paraphrasing What is the difference between paraphrasing and summarizing? When summarizing, you extract only the most essential ideas from the selection and you almost always end up with a shorter text. When paraphrasing, you completely restate the original text in your own words.

AFTER YOU READ Paraphrasing What main idea does Cummings try to communicate in “since feeling is first”? Answer: That a person cannot truly love if he or she is too focused on an intellectual response.

AFTER YOU READ Paraphrasing Support your opinion by paraphrasing at least two quotations from the poem. Answer: Examples: “who pays any attention / to the syntax of things / will never wholly kiss you”

AFTER YOU READ Paraphrasing Practice with Analogies Choose the word that best completes each analogy.

syntax : language :: etiquette :
AFTER YOU READ Paraphrasing syntax : language :: etiquette : eating grammar behavior

parenthesis : continuation :: acceptance :
AFTER YOU READ Paraphrasing parenthesis : continuation :: acceptance : rejection welcoming punctuation

BEFORE YOU READ Meet Gwendolyn Brooks Click the picture to learn about the author.

BEFORE YOU READ Connecting to the Poem Some people believe that animals have much to teach people if we pay attention. Before you read the poem, think about these questions: What have you learned from observing, interacting with, or hearing about an animal? How does the animal world different from the human world? How is it similar?

BEFORE YOU READ Building Background Horses are hoofed, herbivorous (plant-eating) mammals related to the zebra. They are herd animals well adapted for living on the plains. Horses have wide, flat teeth designed for grinding grasses and other plants, and long foot bones that enable swift running.

BEFORE YOU READ Building Background For centuries, horses were used extensively in warfare, agriculture, and transportation. They also played an important role in literature and art. In cave paintings from the Ice Age, wild horses and cattle were the most prominent images. In ancient Greek and Roman mythology, horses were associated with the sun and heavenly chariots.

BEFORE YOU READ Setting Purposes for Reading Loves and Losses What is important in life? Do animals know better than we do? As you read, consider what the poem might be saying about human flaws and foibles.

BEFORE YOU READ Setting Purposes for Reading Repetition Repetition is a literary device in which sounds, words, phrases, lines, or stanzas are repeated for emphasis. Writers use repetition to emphasize an important point, to expand an idea, or to help create rhythm. Repetition increases the unity of a work.

BEFORE YOU READ Setting Purposes for Reading Repetition As you read Brooks’s poem, notice examples of repetition and think about what ideas they reinforce.

BEFORE YOU READ Drawing Conclusions About Author’s Meaning When you draw conclusions, you use a number of pieces of information to make a general statement about people, places, events, and ideas. When you draw conclusions about an author’s meaning, you look at details throughout the work and decide what the author wanted to say through these details.

BEFORE YOU READ Drawing Conclusions About Author’s Meaning Reading Tip: Record Details As you read, record details and use them to draw conclusions.

BEFORE YOU READ oblivion n. a lack of awareness or memory (p.628) After the song’s popularity passed, the group was consigned to oblivion. crest n. a peak, high point, or climax (p. 628) Leah’s joy was at its crest; she had never been happier. Click a vocabulary term to listen to the definition.

BEFORE YOU READ affirmation n. positive agreement or judgment (p. 628) As she bent down towards the child, the mother’s face shone with affirmation. Click a vocabulary term to listen to the definition.

Answer: Answers will vary.
READING THE SELECTION Loves and Losses Consider question as you read. Have we lost something valuable by moving away from our natural instincts? Answer: Answers will vary.

READING THE SELECTION Literary Element Repetition Read the text highlighted in purple on page 628. What does the repetition of eat and bowed help the author to stress? Answer: The repetition of these words helps to stress the steady single-mindedness of the horses and cows.

READING THE SELECTION Literary Element Personification What human quality is given to horses in line 24? Answer: speech

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Respond What image or description in the poem did you find most striking? Explain. Answer: Answers will vary.

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Recall and Interpret (a) What animals does the speaker describe in this poem? (b) To whom or what does the speaker compare them? Answer: (a) Horses and cows (b) Humans

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Recall and Interpret (a) How does the speaker describe the animals in lines 7–11? (b) Explain what you think the speaker means by “bowed / in majestic oblivion.” Answer: (a) Graceful, bowel, oblivious (b) Bowing suggests humility and acceptance; the animals have dignity and greatness because they live in the here and now.

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Recall and Interpret (a) How do the animals show their gentleness in lines 21–23? (b) What might the animals be affirming? Answer: (a) “Clean calm eyes” and their lying down in ease (b) The goodness of life and the bounty of earth

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Recall and Interpret (a) According to the speaker, what do the animals “know,” and in what way are they “sane”? (b) What might the poet be implying here about people? Answer: (a) That where they stand is real and sufficient and that earth will provide (b) That humans have lost this intuition

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Analyze and Evaluate Brooks uses only a few words to describe people. Why, in your view, might she have chosen the word inflation? Explain its meaning in the context of the poem. Answer: Inflation relates to human pursuit of wealth and sense of self-importance

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Analyze and Evaluate (a) What does the speaker think people could learn from animals? (b) Do you agree? Explain. Answer: (a) Humility, dignity, gentleness, a centered perspective, contentment (b) Answers will vary.

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Analyze and Evaluate (a) Has this poem changed the way you see horses and cows? Explain. (b) Has it changed the way you see people? Explain. Answer: (a) Students may not have considered horses and cows capable of love. (b) Students may not have considered human ambition foolish.

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Connect Loves and Losses (a) What does this poem suggest to you about what is truly important in life? (b) What does it suggest about the things that all people, and all creatures, have in common? Explain your answer. Answer: Answers will vary.

AFTER YOU READ Repetition In poetry, repetition can emphasize words or ideas, and can add a musical quality.

Identify three examples of repetition in “Horses Graze.”
AFTER YOU READ Repetition Identify three examples of repetition in “Horses Graze.” Answer: Graze, they, eat, bowed, oblivious/oblivious, earth, know

AFTER YOU READ Repetition For each example, explain what the repetition added to the poem. In your answer, consider these questions: What rhythmic or musical quality does the repetition have? How is it distributed throughout the poem? What ideas or meanings are reinforced by the repetition? Answer: Answers will vary.

AFTER YOU READ Writing About Literature Respond to Tone The tone of a work is a reflection of the writer’s attitude toward the subject. A writer’s tone may convey a variety of attitudes, including sympathy, seriousness, sadness, or humor. What tone do you hear in “Horses Graze”? Write a brief essay in which you explain your ideas about the tone of the poem. Be sure to cite evidence from the poem in your answer.

AFTER YOU READ Drawing Conclusions About Author’s Meaning One rewarding aspect of poetry is the conversation it invites between the poem and the reader. Your own experiences will help you to engage more deeply with the poem each time you read it.

AFTER YOU READ Drawing Conclusions About Author’s Meaning Reread lines 24–31. What do you conclude about the meaning of these lines? Explain. Answer: These lines mean that the animals seem to know that all creatures are equal and that life is much the same wherever one is.

AFTER YOU READ Drawing Conclusions About Author’s Meaning What point did Brooks wish to make in lines 32–40? To answer, consider details from lines 32–40. Answer: Answers may vary. You may say that these lines imply that animals—and people too—are the same everywhere.

AFTER YOU READ Drawing Conclusions About Author’s Meaning Practice with Denotations and Connotations Complete each sentence on the next slide.

The denotation of oblivion is _____.
AFTER YOU READ Drawing Conclusions About Author’s Meaning The denotation of oblivion is _____. lack of awareness infinity sharpness

A connotation of affirmation is _____.
AFTER YOU READ Drawing Conclusions About Author’s Meaning A connotation of affirmation is _____. agreement belief skepticism

The denotation of crest is _____.
AFTER YOU READ Drawing Conclusions About Author’s Meaning The denotation of crest is _____. high point achievement downturn

Unit 3, Part 2 BELLRINGER Are material gifts necessary to indicate one’s love for another person? I Am Offering This Poem Bellringer

What does this line mean to you?
Unit 3, Part 2 BELLRINGER since feeling is first What does this line mean to you? since feeling is first Bellringer

Unit 3, Part 2 BELLRINGER What other animals are often featured in literary works? What qualities or characteristics do these animals have that inspire people to write about them? Horse Graze Bellringer

Unit 3, Part 2 BELLRINGER OPTION TRANSPARENCY Click on the image to see a full version of the Bellringer Option Transparency.

CHECKPOINT QUESTIONS In the first stanza, what comfort does the speaker suggest the poem might provide? shade warmth nourishment light I Am Offering This Poem Checkpoint

According to the speaker, when does life become a wilderness?
CHECKPOINT QUESTIONS According to the speaker, when does life become a wilderness? when a person is mature when a person is an adolescent when a person is a newborn when a person is near death I Am Offering This Poem Checkpoint

According to the speaker, how does the outside world view people?
CHECKPOINT QUESTIONS According to the speaker, how does the outside world view people? it is a fire that needs to be extinguished. it is a parent scolding a child. it no longer cares if one lives or dies it is like a tree that needs to be cut down I Am Offering This Poem Checkpoint

According to the speaker, what is a better fate than wisdom?
CHECKPOINT QUESTIONS According to the speaker, what is a better fate than wisdom? tears kisses spring flower since feeling is first Checkpoint

What does the flutter of the lady’s eyelids say?
CHECKPOINT QUESTIONS What does the flutter of the lady’s eyelids say? “feeling is first” “pay attention” “don’t cry” “we are for each other” since feeling is first Checkpoint

How do the horses show their gentleness
CHECKPOINT QUESTIONS How do the horses show their gentleness by bowing their heads by grazing with the other farm animals by lifting up their clean, calm eyes by pressing their feet on the earth Horses Graze Checkpoint

To whom do the horses speak?
CHECKPOINT QUESTIONS To whom do the horses speak? their companions their human masters their pasture their horseback riders Horses Graze Checkpoint

According to the speaker, what do the horses NOT wish for?
CHECKPOINT QUESTIONS According to the speaker, what do the horses NOT wish for? to be otherwhere to be in China to be in Sweden to be in Africa Horses Graze Checkpoint

Unit 3, Part 2 Literary Terms Handbook Test-Taking Skills Handbook
REFERENCE Literary Terms Handbook Test-Taking Skills Handbook Reading Handbook Daily Language Practice Transparencies Foldables Writing Handbook Grammar and Writing Workshop Transparencies Business Writing Language Handbook

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