1. マスタ サブタイトルの書式設定 Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved EPE-PEMC-ECCE’12 Keynote Speech 2012.9.5 Corporate Chief Engineer Rail Systems Company Hitachi, Ltd. Masato Iwataki Present Status and Future Prospects of High Speed / High Power Electric Traction Systems

2. Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved 1.In order to maintain its daily activities, it is essential to secure its means of transportation. 2.The railway system is a most effective solution for the large capacity and high speed transportation. 3.I will introduce the relationship between the railway system and power-electronics development, and explain my expectations for future of power-electronics. １. Abstract 2

3. Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved Application of Power Semiconductor Devices 3 (km/h) Service Speed Year 182018401860188019001920194019601980200020 300 200 100 140 160 200 260 300 320 110 210 220 270 300 320 Japan Europe 2. History of Maximum Train Speed (Europe/Japan)

4. Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved 1.Higher rigidity and lighter-weight carbody construction (wood → steel →reinforced plastic) 2.Development in bogie technology for stable running conditions 3.Higher traction performance (steam engine→ diesel engine → electric traction) 4.Higher reliability in traffic control systems (tablet → wayside signal → on-board signal) 5.Reinforcement of track and power supply feeder system 3. Key Technologies of High Speed Rail (HSR) 4

5. Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved 1.Steam Engine Revolution limit due to reciprocation of piston 2.Diesel Engine Power limit due to volume and weight of on-board machine 3.Electric Traction Increase in output based on development of power semiconductor devices and insulation technology 5 4. Transition of Traction Systems

6. Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved 6 5. Railway & Power Semiconductors 1950196019701980199020002010 Power Semi-conductor DC Power Supply AC Power Supply Traction Motor DiodeTransistorThyristorGTO IGBT RheostatChopper Inverter RectifierPhase Control 4-quadrant DC Motor 3 Phase AC Motor Category

7. Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved 1.Diode and Transistor Adopted for early traction control systems 2.Silicon Controlled Rectifier and GTO Adopted for DC chopper control and AC phase control 3.IGBT Current mainstream device Contributing to the realization of higher speeds, higher voltage and larger current operation 6. Power Semiconductor Devices and HSR 7

8. Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved 8 7. Power Semiconductor Application in Railway 1001k10k100k1M Power IC Optical Thyristor Power MOS FET SiC 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M IGBT Current Status of Railway Application Near Future Operational Frequency (Hz) Transducing Power (W) (rated voltage x rated current) Mainstream Devices 3.3kV 1500A 6.5kV 1000A

9. Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved 9 8. History of Power Semiconductor Traction A Chopper FD F Motor Pantograph DC Power Line Chopper Control + DC Motor (DC Power Supply System 1)

10. Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved 10 9. Transition of Chopper Devices ThyristorGTO IGBT MTh ATh CmL CmC MTh Snubber Circuit MTr Smaller and Lighter Choppers with Simplified Circuits

11. Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved 11 10. History of Power Semiconductor Traction Pantograph DC Power Line INV Motor M Inverter Inverter + AC Motor (DC Power Supply System 2)

12. Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved 12 11. Transition of Inverter Devices ThyristorGTO IGBT Smaller and Lighter Inverters with Simplified Circuits MTr

13. Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved 13 12. History of Power Semiconductor Traction Pantograph AC Power Line TCG A F Motor Tap Change Control + Si Diode Rectifier + DC Motor (AC Power Supply System 1)

14. Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved 14 13. Transition of Diode Rectifiers Diode Rectifier Output : 1630 kW, 1600V Diode : 1200V, 300ADiode : 2500V, 800A 10S – 4P – 4A 6S – 1P – 4A 160 Diodes (Stud type) 24 Diodes (Flat type) 1650 × 780 × 650 × 2 Boxes × 1 Box L H W (Example in Japan)

15. Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved 15 14. History of Power Semiconductor Traction Pantograph AC Power Line A F Motor Thyristor Phase Control + DC Motor (AC Power Supply System 2)

16. Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved 16 15. History of Power Semiconductor Traction (AC Power Supply System 3) Pantograph AC Power Line AC Motor CONVINV M 4 Quadrant Converter + AC Motor

17. Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved 17 16. Transition of Converters and Inverters Improvement of Equipment in Germany DC Link Capacitor Commutation Circuit With ThyristorWith GTO Thyristor P N R P N R Equipment Weight: 7.8 t 4.3 t (Same Power Output )

18. Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved 18 17. Weight Reduction of Traction Equipments (Example in Japanese HSR ) Tap Change + Rectifier + DC motor Thyristor Phase Control + DC motor Weight / Output 10 (kg / kW) 5 3.5 11.5 GTO + AC motor IGBT+ AC motor ① ② ③ ④ 5 8.5

19. Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved 18. Effect of High Frequency Converters 19 Inverter Conventional APSAPS with High Frequency Converter Commercial Frequency Transformer 3 phase Alternating current Inverter Weight : 600kg 3 Phase alternating current High Frequency Transformer Weight : 150kg DC Power Line DC Power Line

20. Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved 20 19. Example of Converters for Japanese HSR Duct Electric Blower IGBT Module Fin Heat Pipe Air Filter Detachable for maintenance Rolling Stock Converter Converter for High Speed Train Cross-section of Converter Air Flow (Containing Power Unit) Power Unit

21. Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved High Speed railway is essential for maintaining a sustainable global environment. Expectations are high for electrical electronics systems and power semiconductor devices. 1.Larger Capacity (Voltage & Current) 2.Lower Loss (Higher Operation Frequency) 3.Higher EMC(Electro-Magnetic Compatibility) 4.Higher Performance (Reinforcement of Safety Measures) 5.Lower Costs 20. Future Prospects: Expectations for PE 21

22. Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved 22 Thank You for Your Attention Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved