1. KWALE COUNTY INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT FORUM (Leisure Lodge Beach Hotel, Diani 24 th to 26 th August, 2014) ‘‘Value Addition on Local Building Materials’’. Eng. Charles Kalomba, Council of Governors Advisor Economic Empowerment

2. PRESENTATION LAYOUT 1. Why Value Addition on Building Materials 2. Building & Construction Functional Areas and Key Activities 3. Local Building Materials /Value Addition (Investment Opportunities) 5. Q/A

3. W HY VALUE ADDITION TO BUILDING MATERIALS ? UUrgent need for appropriate use NNeed to get maximize value from resources  Enormous demand for housing OOver stressing the reserves of traditional building materials CCement material presently not in a position to cope supply industry demand  The huge amounts of waste materials and thus recycling becoming imperative & mandatory

4.  Site Clearance  Excavation and timbering  Timbering and Form works  Foundations  Concrete floors  Reinforced concrete frames  Roofs  Brickwork  Internal fixtures and fittings  Insulation  Plumbing and wiring  Painting and decorating BUILDING & CONSTRUCTION Functional Areas and Key Activities

5. LOCAL BUILDING MATERIALS Types; 1. Traditional (Natural, used unprocessed) 2. Modern, (Minimal Processing and Value Addition) 3. Manufactured (Complex multi-processing and Value Addition)

6. A typical local building construction site Silica/Sand Gravel Quarry Stone Brick Timber Slate Lead Gypsum Mud! (rammed earth walls, earth sheltered) Straw (straw bale houses) Rushes (for thatched roof) Makuti TRADITIONAL/INDEGINOUS MATERIAL (Used naturally, un-processed)

7. Clay Bricks Concrete Clay Tiles Ceramic Tiles Steel Lead Glass Fibre Glass MODERN BUILDING MATERIALS (R AW MATERIALS HAVE BEEN CHANGED BY MECHANICAL / HEAT / CHEMICAL REACTIONS ETC )

8. M ANUFACTURED B UILDING M ATERIALS (M ATERIALS MADE FROM COMBINING OTHER MATERIALS AND SEVERAL PROCESSES ) Plywood Chipboard Plasterboard Structural insulated panels(SIPs) Waffles ( Ultra-High Density Concrete Panels) Plastic Membrane plastic

9. QUARRY STONE

10. Stone Quarry Mining Value Addition Processes 1. Stone Cutting 2. Marble Polishing 3. Engraving 4. Dicing/Sizing 5. Crushing 6. Screening/Grading Quarry Waste/Dust

11. Dicing Machine

12. V ALUE ADDITION ON M INING & QUARRYING WASTES  Large amount of wastes produced in mining & quarrying operations.  Mineral mining wastes are “waste rock” or “mill tailings”.  Manufacturing of bricks,light weight aggregates & autoclaved concrete blocks.

13. CONCRETE RECYCLING MACHINE

14. V ALUE ADDITION OF MISCELLANEOUS B UILDING MATERIAL WASTES 1.C OLLIERY SOIL IIn coal operations about one half of the material is separated & discarded as colliery soil. TThis soil is used to fill in road embankments. IIt can also be used to produce light weight concrete. CConcrete Waffle building system makes it uniquely possible to construct attractive, cheaper and lighter slabs in a fraction of the time with just over half the raw materials of solid panels of the same thickness. WWaffles are Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) Precast Panels

15. CConcrete Waffle building system makes it uniquely possible to construct attractive, cheaper and lighter slabs in a fraction of the time with just over half the raw materials of solid panels of the same thickness. WWaffles are Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) Precast Panels with advantages as; 2.W AFFLE C ONCRETE TECHNOLOGY Less cement,sand and ballast Reduces number of steel bars Less weight on the building No traditional plastreing of underside Uses fewer props and timber Overall cost of construction drastically reduced Overall cost of construction drastically reduced Shortens Construction time The slab is sound proof

17. 3. W ASTE GLASS  Millions of tons of waste glass are generated annually..  The strength of concrete less than with gravel aggregate.  This is used to make light weight aggregates. 4. R ED MUD  Red mud is a waste product resulting from the extraction of alumina from bauxite ore.  It is sufficiently plastic molded into balls.  Firing at about 1260 to 1310 c produces a strong dense aggregate with potential to produce red oxide by pulverizing, among other uses.

18. R ED MUD

19.  Smaller pieces of concrete are used as gravel for new construction projects.  Sub base gravels laid down as the lowest layer in a road construction.  Recycled concrete can also be used as the dry aggregate for brand new concrete.  Larger pieces can be used for erosion control as below. 5. RECYCLED CONCRETE

20. 6. Silica Sand

21. So which way and what’s the strategy??