R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 1 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014.

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 1 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 GSM-R Technology and Product Evolution supporting highest Reliability and Safety Requirements Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi 26 July 2014 Ola Bergman

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 2 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 GSM-R - Technology and Product Evolution supporting highest Reliability and Safety Requirements 2 Why GSM-R? GSM-R Renewals and Improvements – core, radio, IP ETCS over GPRS – packet switching and IP GSM-R Interoperability/Compatibility Testing IOT The path towards “Next Generation” Agenda

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 4 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 www.gsm-rail.com 4 Why GSM-R? Radio communications for train operation since the 70´s – many well functioning but incompatible and old fashioned systems Under UIC leadership a modern and compatible system was specified during the 90’s – GSM-R… …and has been refined over the years since then 2011-2014 2014-…

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 5 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 www.gsm-rail.com 5 Why GSM-R? Radio communications for train operation since the 70´s – many well functioning but incompatible and old fashioned systems Under UIC leadership a modern and compatible system was specified during the 90’s – GSM-R… …and has been refined over the years since then GSM-R has proven to be “almost” optimal and utmost reliable for both Voice Communications and ETCS data transfer GSM-R is Multivendor

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 6 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 www.gsm-rail.com 6 Why GSM-R? Radio communications for train operation since the 70´s – many well functioning but incompatible and old fashioned systems Under UIC leadership a modern and compatible system was specified during the 90’s – GSM-R… …and has been refined over the years since then GSM-R has proven to be “almost” optimal and utmost reliable for both Voice Communications and ETCS data transfer GSM-R is Multivendor GSM-R has a very large footprint – in Europe and internationally GSM-R is a true success story!

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 7© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 GSM-R is selected by more & more countries across the world 1998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016 SwedenNetherlandsBelgiumChinaAlgeriaAustraliaRomaniaBelarusArgentina Italy Germany SpainFinland India AustriaDenmarkIrelandBrazilAzerbaijan FranceSaudi Arabia BulgariaEurotunnelRussiaIsraelBosnia & Herzegovina UKNorwayCzech Rep.GreecePolandIraq SlovakiaLithuaniaPortugalSloveniaLatviaKorea SwitzerlandTurkeyTunisiaHungaryUAEMacedonia South AfricaSerbia EstoniaCroatia MozambiqueVenezuela QatarUkraine MoroccoThailand GSM-R established GSM-R planned For internal use

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 8© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 Over 70,000 km track record in GSM-R projects is unrivalled Sweden, Trafikverket 10,000 km Finland, LiVi, 5,000 km Greece, ERGOSE SA, 1.000 km Netherlands, Pro Rail, 3,000 km Norway, Jernbane- verket, 4,000 km Turkey, TCDD, 300 km Spain, ADIF, 3,000 km Indian Railways and Kolkata Metro, 3,000 km Tunisia, SNCFT, 300 km Italy, Rete Ferroviaria Italiana, 10,000 km Germany, Deutsche Bahn AG, 7,000 km Australia, PTV Victoria, 500 km China, Ministry of Railways, 9,000 km Switzerland, SBB, 3,000 km Denmark, Bane- danmark, 3,000 km Saudi Arabia Railways Org. + NS mineral line, 4,000 km Belgium, Infrabel/ SNCB, 4,000 km Poland, PKP, 1.000 km Romania, CFR, 100 km Portugal, REFER, 100 km

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 10© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 10 GSM-R Renewals and Improvements Ongoing in existing Networks/Systems Shift to Internet Protocol IP Introduction of Release 4 GSM-R Core, GPRS Geographical Redundancy for Improved Core Availability Renewal of RAN Mitigation of Radio Interferences Upgrades to ETCS L2/3 bearer capability In Advanced Stage of Standardization ER-GSM - Capacity Increase Option ETCS over Packet Switching (GPRS/EDGE)

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 11© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 Release 4 Core  Upcoming GSM-R Core Network is the evolution of legacy TDM* based Core to Packet Based Core – from Release 99 to Release 4  The Bearer Independent Core Network architecture is defined by 3GPP* * in Release 4 specifications and since years widely deployed in public mobile networks around the world serving millions of subscribers  Physical Separation of the control and signaling telecom layer - MSC Server from the bearer plane - Media Gateway  Release 4 is fully compliant with UIC EIRENE specifications and ERA GSM-R baselines  Release 4 is a major milestone towards Internet Protocol IP TDM* - Time Division Multiplexing, 3GPP** - 3 rd Generation Partnership Project

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 12 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 www.gsm-rail.com Geographical Redundancy Two geographically distant GSM-R Core Nodes to protect against Disasters GSM-R Core on Location AGSM-R Core on Location B

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 13© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 NOKIA’s unique Geo-Redundancy Solution Meeting the highest Railway operational requirements Carrier-grade platforms using proven state-of- the-art technology Fully redundant core network Load sharing with zero outage and seamless switchover Benefits Motivation Higher requirements due to ETCS level 2 Modernization of legacy communication systems IP backbone NetAct TM NT HLR and IN GPRS MSS & MGW NetAct TM GSM-R has become a mission critical system NT HLR and IN GPRS MSS & MGW Site 2Site 1 For internal use

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 14© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 Incomparable end-to-end GSM-R portfolio Intelligent Network (IN) GPRS network Fixed transmission Radio Microwave transmissionNetwork ManagementFlexi radio Core: Mobile Switching Server – Release 4 based on 2 nd gen ATCA ATCA2

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 15© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 Renewal of GSM-R Radio Access Network RAN First GSM-R systems were deployed starting 1998 Since then radio technology has improved significantly Less power consumption, less footprint, improved functionality, better maintainability,... Several Railways are updating/planning to update the Radio Access Network RAN, i.e. to renew the Base Station Subsystem BSS

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 16© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 >Unique all-purpose BTS built with modules >An innovation reducing network cost significantly >Extremely scalable configurations >Fully integrated IP transport >LTE support Nokia unique and modular BTS 447 mm 422-560 mm 133 mm Weight approx. 15-25 kg Operating temperature: -35°C to +50°C, temporarily +55°C More than 90% of the material inside Flexi BTS can be recycled at end-of-life > 200 customer references Standard module For internal use

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 18 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 ETCS over GPRS (EoG) – Packet Switching (1) Ensure sufficient air interface capacity for ETCS L2/3 in hot spots… …”side effect”: fast recovery of ETCS data exchange following disruption Lab & Field tests were performed on NOKIA GSM-R network in Sweden already in February 2010 – feasibility was proven Load test with up to four ETCS users (up- and downlink) sharing one single time slot was successfully performed using NOKIA GPRS equipment in Belgium in May 2010 Swedish Test Train Swedish Test Route Stockholm Borlange

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 19 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 ETCS over GPRS (EoG) – Packet Switching (2) Major project 2011 – 2014 and co-financed with around 6 M€ by European Union New Specifications - Euroradio, Quality of Service, Test Engineering Requirements Laboratory and Field tests in Sweden, France, UK and Denmark and involving several GSM-R suppliers Lab tests 10-14 March 2014 in Denmark using NOKIA GPRS infrastructure were executed very successfully with up to 5 ETCS users sharing one time slot Border Crossing procedure exemplified by Sweden-Denmark Packet Flow Control (PFC) feature, which allows to “set priorities” for different kinds of GPRS users, is included in NOKIA GPRS portfolio

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 21© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 GSM-R Inter Operability Testing (IOT) 2014 co-financed by the European Commission MSC/VLR/ HLR/… BSS GSM-R Network BSS

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 22© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 MSC/VLR/HLR/… BSS 1. CAB radio GSM-R Network Train Controller 2. GSM-R Inter Operability Testing (IOT) 2014 co-financed by the European Commission

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 23© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 GSM-R mobile terminals GSM-R fixed dispatchers GSM-R infrastructure GSM-R Suppliers participating in 2014 IOT campaign GSM-R Inter Operability Testing (IOT) 2014 co-financed by the European Commission

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 24© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 Global IOT Phase 1&2 >Nortel and NSN - NSS/ NSS & NSS/ BSS EIRENE 5/13 >Static roaming functionality >GSM services >Advanced Rail services IOT Phase 3 Initial & Regression >NSN and Nortel - NSS/ NSS & NSS/ BSS EIRENE 5/13 >Inter PLMN connections tested >Additional features tested Global IOT & Field Phase 4.1 >Nortel BSS to NSN NSS EIRENE 6/14 Global IOT Phase 4.2 > Nortel NSS to NSN BSS EIRENE 6/14 IOT Phase 3 extension >Focus on additional features (late entry, eMLPP, Call barring and Access Matrix, Class of Registration, …) Global IOT Phase 9.3 > KCC BSS to NSN NSS EIRENE 7/15 Global IOT Phase 9.2 > KCC NSS to NSN BSS EIRENE 7/15 Global IOT Phase 9.1 > KCC NSS to NSN EIRENE 7/15NSS 2014 Global IOT Phase X Specs > GSM-R NSS/ >NSS & NSS/ BSS & E to E >QoS EIRENE 5/13 Issued 2000 EIRENE 6/14 Issued 2003 EIRENE 7/15 Issued 2006 EIRENE 7.4.0/15.4.0 2002Q2/ Q4 2004Q1/ Q4 2005Q1 2011Q2 2011Q3 2011Q1 2007 GSM-R Inter Operability Testing (IOT) 2014 co-financed by the European Commission EIRENE 7.3.0/15.3.0

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 26© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 www.gsm-rail.com 26 Why consider a Next Generation System? GSM was specified in the 80’s … …so soon reaching the mature age of 25 very well established… …but not delivering the data capacity required by users today… …and not using spectrum efficiently! GSM is step by step in the coming decade(s) replaced by more modern 3G/4G technology

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 27© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 …now with doubled speed Smartphones need fast networks everywhere… HD-video streaming, best content on the fastest and largest 4G network Broadband – as fast as at home and wherever I am Customers want LTE – and operators have started to deliver Pictures from operator consumer webpages (July 2013) …with premium voice quality LTE comes with latest smartphones For internal use

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 28© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 Lower cost for operators Scalable bandwidth / re-farming Better performance & user experience Technology convergence LTE offers many benefits & the bandwidth for new services Cost per Mbyte 3GHSPAHSPA evoLTEGSM GSM HSPA+ LTE Throughput Latency GSM HSPA+ LTE 10ms 100 Mbps 150ms <1 Mbit <50ms >42 Mbps LTE / LTE- Advanced Optimized spectrum usage 900 / 1800 MHz LTE GSM 3G / HSPA CDMA WiMAX TD-SCDMA Tetra For internal use

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 29© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 www.gsm-rail.com 29 Why consider a Next Generation System? GSM was specified in the 80’s … …so soon reaching the mature age of 25 very well established… …but not delivering the data capacity required by users today… …and not using spectrum efficiently! GSM is step by step in the coming decade(s) replaced by more modern 3G/4G technology We expect that GSM-R will be operated (and supported) until at least 2030… …but to be prepared for the future it is anyway a well invested effort to seriously assess the different alternatives for a “Next Generation System”

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 30© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 www.gsm-rail.com 30 4G - LTE, LTE-A, …, 5G,… GSM-R NG 2G – GSM, GPRS, EDGE Pilot, IOT NG Specifications UIC, ERA, GSM-R IG, UNISIG, 3GPP R&D Why consider a Next Generation System? ～ 10 years

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 31© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 www.gsm-rail.com 31 Next Generation NG Assumptions (1) Today’s GSM-R functionality as specified in EIRENE… Functional Addressing Location Dependent Addressing Group Calls (Railway Emergency Call, All Drivers in the Area, …) Carrying Safety Critical data of ETCS levels 2 and 3 … …must be supported one-to-one by the NG system, since during a migration period lasting several years both systems will be in simultaneous service! a train driver moving between GSM-R and NG areas shall not have to behave differently depending on location… …but (at most) benefit from additional supporting services in NG areas!

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 32© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 www.gsm-rail.com 32 Next Generation NG Assumptions (2) Additional new data services utilising the capacity of modern technology will however be part of NG, possible examples: to transfer any relevant train data for maintenance and other purposes to ground to support energy efficient (green) train driving to transfer recordings of on board supervision cameras to ground to transfer detailed travel information to passengers to support conductors with info and ticket sales to transfer safety supporting images to train drivers (level crossings…) … Surplus capacity could possibly even be made available to Passengers – hereby improving their Travel Experience

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 33© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 Main drivers for a Next Generation Railway Communication System How will railway systems be operated in 10 years? Increasing use of data apps and new operational services require efficient networks LTE offers more than changing the radio interface Broadband Applications Today Next Generation Railway Mobile Security solutions Train positioning ETCS Fleet management Passenger counting Train diagnostic monitoring Passenger information Online ticket sales Video surveillance Announcement updates Data applications – from LOW to HIGH bandwidth Low bandwidth (CSD, SMS, GPRS) High bandwidth (LTE,…) For internal use

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 34© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 www.gsm-rail.com 34 Next Generation NG Assumptions (3) NG will be a Cellular Mobile Network (just like GSM-R) with radio base stations (cells) along the railway lines, in stations, shunting yards possibly supported by satellite based services for special needs NG will be an “application” on top of a regular Mobile Service based on 3GPP services tailored for a much larger user community than only Railways possibly a variant of Mobile Professional Radio used by Public Safety (police, fire brigades, …) and others (private and public users)

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 35© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 www.gsm-rail.com 35 Next Generation NG Assumptions (4) NG will be owned and operated by Railways public networks will presumably not guarantee the required 7d/24h availability public networks are subject to continuous change (feature content, radio design, capacity enhancements,…) which harmonises poorly with Railway operation NG could possibly reuse existing allocated GSM-R frequencies sharing spectrum with GSM-R during migration E-GSM Downlink Uplink GSM E-GSMGSM Public Users Railways 960 918 915 873 880 925

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 36© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 www.gsm-rail.com 36 Safeguarding GSM-R Investments! (1) Onboard Cab radio will be maintained, only upgraded Driver’s Interface will remain unchanged Additional radio module supporting the new technology Possibly also new roof top antenna and cabling … Major parts of track side GSM-R network will be maintained Base Station civil works, towers Base Station transmission infrastructure Core system civil works, sites Most of Network Management, e.g. KPI supervision … Fixed Dispatcher Network will be maintained, only upgraded Human Machine Interface will remain unchanged in general… …slight additions in the menu navigation supporting the new radio technology Very limited effort for training of operator staff

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 37© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 www.gsm-rail.com 37 Safeguarding GSM-R Investments! (2) Railway staff already very experienced operating a Mobile Network In total a very substantial part of the GSM-R investment will be reused!

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 38© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 38 Critical Communications (ref GSM-R Group Call functionality) currently in 3GPP work for inclusion in Release 12 Group Call System Enablers over LTE (GCSE_LTE) ProSe Mission Critical PTT over LTE (MCPTT) This standardization is driven by Users and Suppliers of Public and Professional Mobile Radio aiming at one Common, Efficient, Fully Featured and User Friendly solution… …aiming at many Users - potentially entire Public Safety Sector … Interesting to follow progress with regards to a Next Generation system following after GSM-R New Professional Radio Standardization in 3GPP

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 39© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 www.gsm-rail.com 39 Today’s activities towards a Next Generation GSM-R Core architecture Rel 4 is introduced Stepwise introduction of IP … …now available on several interfaces interconnecting GSM-R subsystems, e.g. Train Controller system ETCS over GPRS (that is over Packet Switching PS) is a stepping stone for… …much better utilisation of radio resources …making ETCS bearer independent

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 40 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 GSM-R - Technology and Product Evolution supporting highest Reliability and Safety Requirements 40 Why GSM-R? GSM-R Renewals and Improvements – core, radio, IP ETCS over GPRS – packet switching and IP GSM-R Interoperability/Compatibility Testing IOT Wrap Up Agenda

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 41© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 GSM-R from Nokia The fast track to efficient railway communications Nu 1 Active participation in European and international railway standardization Strong commitment to GSM-R with long-term business and environmental vision Strategic cooperation with local partners for necessary services and products Experience obtained from 56 GSM-R projects, including turnkey and network operations Best-in-class products, R&D, and production facilities “One-stop-shopping” with e2e capability Number 1 For internal use

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 42 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 43© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 Some Railways (Deutsche Bahn, …) consider this as one option to increase capacity NOKIA very actively contributing to amending 3GPP specs for ER-GSM Co-existence with public bands with coordinated and un-coordinated approaches Class Mark enhancement NOKIA, KCC and Ericsson as main players in GERAN of 3GPP in 2013 agreed about the 3GPP specification amendments NOKIA Flexi BSS prepared for ER-GSM ER-GSM: 3 MHz additional spectrum for GSM-R

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 44© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 E-GSM Downlink Uplink GSM E-GSMGSM Public Users Railways 960 918 915 873 880 925 ER-GSM: 3 MHz additional spectrum for GSM-R Coordinated Approach: Power subject to ”negotiation”

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 45© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 E-GSM Downlink Uplink GSM E-GSMGSM Public Users Railways 960 918 915 873 880 925 ER-GSM: 3 MHz additional spectrum for GSM-R Un-coordinated Approach: Power following ”slope” 918 921 ~ 40 dBm Slope is 6 dB/MHz if neighbour is GSM 11 dB/MHz if neighbour is UTRA/E-UTRA -

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 46© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 EIRENE 7.3/15.3 current specification in EU, published by ERA&UIC April 2012, approved by RISC on 6 June 2012, included in the TSI on 6 November 2012, includes less (MI), UIC’s 7.1/15.1, complete EDOR spec Next release recommended by ERA in Dec 2013 is EIRENE 7.4/15.4… …in parallel with an ETCS Maintenance Release Most updated specifications were finalised in April/May 2014 ERA’s recommendation for GSM-R available on ERA web page Decided in RISC meeting on 12-13 June 2014 Legal status through TSI update in autumn 2014 summer 2015! EIRENE Roadmap 27 June 2014 (1)

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 47© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 EIRENE 7.4/15.4 (ERA BL 0.4) Core GeoRedundancy – Option Rel 4 allowed in addition to Rel 99 - Option eREC - Option Border Crossing ER-GSM – mentioned Interference, only 4 MHz (the current GSM-R band) Mandatory for Interoperability (MI) also for Cab (in addition to EDOR) – will allow for external filters as planned in Sweden Editorial improvements, clarifications Not yet 100% clarified exactly what will be contained – UIC, ERA and GSM-R IG not yet fully aligned (BX meeting yesterday e.g) EIRENE Roadmap 27 June 2014 (2)

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 48© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 For Dec 2015 EIRENE 7.5/15.5 (BL 0.5) or 8/16 (BL 1.0) is planned ETCS over GPRS Shortened Voice interruption at Cell Reselection of VGCS listener (SI10bis) – based on measurements Voice QoS, set-up times, both e2e and network only – based on measurements Interference, improved Cab and EDOR receiver specification Interference, enhanced requirements on GSM-R RAN Update of Subset 93 (ETCS QoS requirements on GSM-R) and corresponding measurement specification O-2475 EIRENE Roadmap 27 June 2014 (3)

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 49© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 For Dec 2015 EIRENE 7.5/15.5 (BL 0.5) or 8/16 (BL 1.0) is planned From ERA, certain Railways and NOKIA point of view - after this EIRENE frozen UIC however has invited to workshop on 20 November 2014 to discuss GSM enhancements to improve air interface capacity and quality …VAMOS, SAIC, NewTon, DARP EIRENE Roadmap 27 June 2014 (4)

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 50© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 Interference Solution for Co-existence with public 900 Reported and anticipated problems with E-GSM, 3 rd (UMTS) and 4 th (LTE) generation mobile systems being deployed adjacent to GSM-R! Industry (Sierrawireless,Trio-Rail) has developed new radio modules for Cab/EDOR with highly improved protection against disturbances Industry (Siemens among many) has developed 4MHz band pass filters to be installed between the roof top antenna and the Cab/EDOR (in Sweden such may be used) The specification changes are likely to be To solve intermodulation problem: more robust Cab/EDOR radio module – ETSI TS almost finalised – EIRENE CR not yet elaborated (candidate for UIC managed EIRENE Maintenance Release in 2015) allowed to limit also Cab to GSM-R frequency (4MHz) – i.e. to use 4MHz band pass filters – EIRENE CR agreed To mitigate unwanted/spurious emissions: improved GSM-R coverage – to be discussed within GSM-R IG aiming at joint position

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 51© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 eREC –enhanced Railway Emergency Call ProRail initiated eREC in 2004 to avoid operational losses SNCF/RFF also pushes eREC … lab test alternatives in discussion European Railway Agency ERA will accept eREC as non-MI Available from NSN

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 52© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 Voice QoS – duration of call set-ups and similar Currently EIRENE states only end-to-end values (in seconds) UIC QoS work group aims at splitting into one infra and one terminal part… GSM-R IG submitted a statement ”will be complex and a cost driver” in November 2012 Suggested test specification (O-2875) includes the split Measurement of values and validation of suggested test method in NSN lab currently in planning (with TEN 3rd call funding) … …using NSN Flexi BSS Unclear if also KCC will do a parallel test session

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 53© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 Improved Downlink ReSelection - shortening long voice cut at cell reselection Will strongly improve the user experience of the Voice Group Call Service (VGCS) Seen as utterly important (even imperative for using VGCS) by some Users UIC pushing - in general Railways positive NSN was the Driver in 3GPP to specify the SI10bis solution (2006-2007) Measurement of values in NSN lab currently in planning… …using NSN Flexi BSS Unclear if also KCC will do a parallel test session

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 55© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 Access to the latest features and performance improvements For internal use 1½ channel mode for Voice Group Call Service: Comfortable and high-quality voice communication among operational railway staff Improved Cell Re-selection: Shorten voice break down to few 100ms when moving from one radio cell to the next eREC –enhanced Railway Emergency Call: Targeted allocation of emergency calls to specific trains ER-GSM: enhanced EIRENE frequency allocation -> 3 MHz additional spectrum for GSM-R GSM-R network eREC node Available for EIRENE 7.4.0/15.4.0 old Voice break new GSM-R uplink existing new 876880873 existing new GSM-R downlink 921925918 Talker 1 e.g. train controller VGCS Talker 2 e.g. train driver Listeners

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 56© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 Old communication systems: Expensive to maintain, not interoperable Paging Shunting radio Operation & maintenance radio Vehicle mounted radio Track to train radio Automatic train control Tunnel radio For internal use

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 57© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 GSM-Railway: One integrated and standardized solution GSM-R For internal use

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 58© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 Flexi BTS installation option For internal use

R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 1 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014.

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R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 1 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014.

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