1. 20th Century Chinese History
Boxer Rebellion through
One Child Policy

2. Boxer Rebellion
“Boxers” – group of Chinese who wanted foreigners OUT!!!!!!
In 1900, the Boxers attacked and killed many foreigners
So western powers organized an international army
This army crushed the
Boxers

3. Boxer Rebellion
As a result of this Boxer Rebellion, China was forced to:
1.) allow foreign troops on Chinese soil
2.) allow foreign warships in Chinese water

4. China Becomes a Republic
1911- Qing dynasty falls
China becomes a republic in 1911
Republic- form of govt. where people choose the leaders to represent them

5. China becomes a Republic
Sun Yatsen
- “father of modern China”
Leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party (Guomindang or Kuomintang)

6. China becomes a Republic
Sun Yatsen wrote: “Three Principles of the People”
1.) Nationalism – unify China
2.) Supporting democracy
3.) Livelihood – decent living for all Chinese
1925- Sun Yatsen dies, Chiang Kai-Shek takes over control of Nationalist Party

7. 15.) Sun Yatsen (1866-1925) Country – China Facts-
1.) “father of Modern China”
2.) first president of the
Republic of China (ROC)
3.) first leader of Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party)

8. Problems of the National Party
China’s economy was in shambles
China resented the “European” look of democracy
China had no experience with a representative govt
CCP- Chinese Communist Party,
formed in 1921

9. 20th Century Chinese History
The Nationalists were led by Chiang Kai-Shek
The Communists were led by Mao Zedong
(believed they could gain control by
working w/ Nationalists)

10. 20th Century Chinese History
In 1927, Nationalists expelled Communists from the Kuomintang, as well as arrested and executed many Communists

11. The Long March When? 1934 Led by? Mao Zedong
Who marched? Communists and several peasants (90,000 Communists went on March, only 7,000 survived)

12. The Long March
Where?
6,000 miles from
SE China to
NW China

13. The Long March Why? Mao and Communists fled from the Nationalists
Results?
- 1937, Japan invades China
- Nationalists must go and fight the Japanese
- Communists defeated a weakened Nationalist Army

14. Communism Mao wanted the support of peasants
Mao’s armies were disciplined and were peasants

15. Appeal of Communism Mao promised… Land reform
End to imperialism in China
China would industrialize

16. Appeal of Communism Marxism/Maoism
Peasants would rise up to defeat rulers
Working class would rise up to defeat rulers
Karl Marx, author of the Communist Manifesto

17. China’s Communist Revolution
Mao’s Main Goals
1.) Better life for the poor
2.) develop a modern economy
3.) restore China’s position as a world power

18. But when the communists took over in 1949, it was hard to reach these goals because:
China’s huge population had to be fed, clothed, housed, and educated
Years of war destroyed
industries and farming
China’s geography gave
limited land for farming

19. But when the communists took over in 1949, it was hard to reach these goals because:
Floods, droughts, and earthquakes ruined farms
Lacked technology and
money to industrialize
China’s isolation put them
behind other countries

20. China’s Communist Revolution
Communists wanted to take control of production away from wealthy landowners and give it to the govt.
They thought this
would end inequality
Everyone would be EQUAL

21. Collective farms (1950s, farm operated and managed by the govt)
Ended private ownership of land
Peasants shared land, tools, and labor
Harvests went to feed the state and the rest went to the govt

22. Great Leap Forward (1958)
Communes – community where all property is held in common, living areas are shared, everything is provided in exchange for work

23. Great Leap Forward
People were supposed to build bridges, dams, irrigation systems, and other projects for a modern China
Led to DISASTER!!!
Peasants hated the commune system
People were guaranteed a paycheck and didn’t work hard
GLF ended in the early 1960s

24. Cultural Revolution (1966)
Many people blamed Mao for the problems after the GLF
Mao didn’t want people
turning against him or against communism, so he launched
the “Cultural Revolution”

25. Red Guards: Students and young factory workers who:
Attacked anyone who
didn’t support Chairman Mao
Forced teachers to confess
crimes against Mao
Victims were sent to rural
fields and worked to death

26. Little Red Book (Quotations from Chairman Mao)
Published from
5- 6 billion copies were produced
All Chinese had to carry this book with them

27. Little Red Book Quotes
“At no time and in no circumstances should a Communist place his personal interests first; he should subordinate them to the interests of the nation and of the masses. Hence, selfishness, slacking, corruption, seeking the limelight, and so on, are most contemptible, while selflessness, working with all one's energy, whole-hearted devotion to public duty, and quiet hard work will command respect.”

28. Little Red Book Quotes
“A revolution is not a dinner party, or writing an essay, or painting a picture, or doing embroidery; it cannot be so refined, so leisurely and gentle, so temperate, kind, courteous, restrained and magnanimous. A revolution is an insurrection, an act of violence by which one class overthrows another.”

29. Propaganda

30. Propaganda

31. Effects of Cultural Revolution
Schools closed
Factory production slowed
In 1969, Chinese army restored order by sending Red Guards away to work the rural fields

32. China after Mao
After Mao Zedong died in 1976, Deng Xiaoping took over.
Deng Xiaoping didn’t believe
that China had to
be self-sufficient.
He thought that China
had to work with the
rest of the world.

33. Deng Xiaoping
His goal was to help China achieve wealth and power

34. Four Modernizations 1.) modernizing agriculture 2.) expanding industry
3.) developing science and technology
4.) upgrading China’s military

35. Responsibility System
Each family is responsible for making its own living
The government leased land to peasants
Farmers sell some of the harvest to the govt
They can then sell profit on the open market

36. Responsibility System in Industry
Commune factories were interested in quantity rather than quality
This system let individual managers have a say in what to produce.

37. One Child Policy
Started in 1979 by Deng Xiaoping, still goes on today

38. One Child Policy Why? Control population Not enough resources
for increasing population

39. One Child Policy How? Give families wage raises for only 1 child
Forced abortions
Fine those who want to have more

40. FOR the Policy
People who live in cities
Chinese government

41. Against the Policy Women, gender imbalance is occurring
Ethnic Han, only allowed to have one child

42. Tiananmen Square Massacre also called: June 4th Incident Beijing, China, 1989

43. Where?
Tiananmen Square
Beijing, China

46. When? Protests started on April 14th, 1989
Chinese government sends army in on June 3rd at 1030PM and the Square is cleared by 6AM on June 4th.

47. Who?
Pro-democracy supporters
College students
Chinese military

48. “Goddess of Democracy”

49. What happened? Chinese army opened fire on Chinese protestors
Army arrested, tortured, and executed leaders of the students
According to Chinese govt- 241 dead
other estimates are in the 1,000-2,000 range

50. Chinese Army moving in

53. The Unknown Rebel aka: Tankman

54. Why?
Deng Xiaoping and China’s leaders would not allow authority to be challenged
Protests were a threat to Communism in China

55. TOTALITARIAN GOVTS SURVIVE BECAUSE OF FORCE!!!

56. CENSORSHIP!!!!

57. Google Search From China vs US