1. Medical Terminology
Lesson 2

2. -algia Pain Painful condition A sensation of hurting
Strong discomfort in some part of the body may be caused by injury, disease, or malfunction of a structure transmitted through the nervous system

3. -algia
Cerebralgia and cephalalgia both mean headache but cephalgia is used most often.

4. -algia -ia (condition), alg- (pain)
-algia may be seperated into two parts:
-algia is used most often meaning pain
-alg (pain) can be used in other forms such as algesi-, algo-, algeo-, and angio-
They are used in other forms to avoid confusion with algae (plant group)

5. Cervic- Neck or neck-like structure
The cervix is the name for the neck or necklike part of the body; used to name parts of large bones of the body where the bone becomes narrow (constricted) behind the knoblike end (head)

7. Cervix
The cervix is the name for the neck or necklike part of the body; The narrow part of a tooth at the gumline
The cervix is the name for the neck or necklike part of the body; parts of pearshaped organs such as the uterus, gall bladder, and urinary bladder

13. Chole-
Bile; gall; yellow-brown or greenish fluid secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder (cholecyt)
The purpose of bile is to help digest foods, particularly fat. It is stored in the gallbladder and secreted into the intestines through the common bile duct (cholangi)

14. Chole-
Another name for the bile duct is the common bile duct because it is common to (joins) the liver and the gallbladder (choledoch)
Cholangitis- inflammation of bile duct (bile vessel) angi here meaning tube, duct, or canal vs blood vessel

16. Chondr-
Cartilage; gristle; a firm elastic tissue serving principally to connect body parts
Cartilage is found in joints, in connections between bones, and connected bones with each other

18. Crani-
Both crani- and cranium are used to mean 3 different structures- all referring to bones of the head
All the bones of the head
All bones of the head except lower jaw (mandible)
Brain case of enclosure; all cranial bones around the brain, does not include facial bones

20. Cyan- Blue; generally a deep or dark blue
Have to do with an appearance of blueness usually due to reduction of red coloring matter of the blood (red blood cells (erythrocytes) and component of red blood cells (hemoglobin)
Can also refer to chemical as with cyanide

22. cyst Sac containing fluid Bladder
A pouch or baglike structure or organ
Used as a receptacle for secretions

23. cyst Sac is a smaller unit that sack
Cyst can be an abnormal sac containing fluid or a normal saclike structure such as the urinary bladder or gallbladder

26. end- Inside; within; inner (sometimes seen in the for ent-)
Indicates “pointing to” something inside a body part
It may name the inner lining (usually membrane) using the form end/o/___/ium

27. end-
It may also refer to the inside of a structure or organ in the for end/o/_____/al

29. hem(at)-
Blood; the fluid that circulates in the heart (cardi-) and blood vessels (hemangi-) carrying nourishment and oxygen to the body cells.

30. hem(at)- If a root ends with the letter “m” it have the form “mat”
If a root begins with the letter “h” and begins the medical term the “h” will be retained. If the root is proceeded by another root the “h” will be dropped
Retained: hemangioma
Dropped: hyperemia

31. hemi-
Half; half of; relating to or affecting a half or one side; sometimes “a part of”

33. hyper-
Above, more than normal; excessive; opposite of hypo- (underneath or deficient)
Although it may be used to indicate “located above” it usually means “excessive” or “more than usual

35. hypo-
Under; beneath; deficient; less than normal; underneath or below in space; opposite of hyper-
Hypotension- diminished tension; low blood pressure
Hypodermic- underneath the skin

36. hyster-
Uterus; womb; hollow muscle organ in the female in which the egg is deposited after fertilization and develops until birth

38. lip- Fat; fatty; fatty tissue
Many tumors may consists of fatty substances and additional substances
Fibrolipoma- tumor containing threadlike fibers and fat

40. lith-
Stone; a mass of extremely hard material; a calculus (an abnormal hardening of body substances or chemicals, particularly mineral salts)
Chole/lith- gallstones
Nephr/o/lith- kidney stones

41. gallstones

43. -lysis
Loosening; set free; destruction; release; breaking down; decomposition; freeing; dissolving
Lysis is a word meaning destruction; decomposition of chemical compound; loosening, as of an organ from adhesions (an abnormal “sticking together” of adjoining parts of the body)

44. my-
Muscle; body organs consisting of bundles of cells or fibers that can be contracted and expanded to produce bodily movements

45. -oid Like; resembling; having the form or shape of
lipoid – like or resembling fat
Also used to describe tumors as alternatives to –oma suffixed words
Adenoid- a tumor consisting of glandular or glandlike material

46. ophthalm- opt- Ophthalm- the eye or eyes Opt- seeing; vision; light
Optic- usually used to refer to the eye
Optical- usually used to refer to sight

47. Ophthal- opt-
Ophthalmologist- a physician, a doctor of medicine, specializing in the treatment of diseases of the eye
Optometrist- a doctor of optometry clinically trained and licensed to treat visual defects with corrective lenses and other methods not requiring license as a physician

48. ost-
Bone; bone tissue
May appear in the forms of ost, oste, oss, ossi, osse
Ost- and oste- are root words in dealing with disease conditions and therapy to correct disease conditions
Oss-, ossi-, osse- used in the naming of anatomical parts involving bone and normal biological processes involving bone

49. proct-
“anus”, the past part of the digestive tube, measuring about 18 centimeters (7 inches) through which solid waste products are expelled from the body
Anus- opening that feces are expelled
Anal- about 4 centimeters (1 ½ inches) through which feces pass for expulsion
Rectum- about 13 cm (5”) that serves as a storage pouch for feces until it is expelled.

50. proct-
Technically the element proct- is restricted to words dealing with the rectum. However, medical usage broadens the application of the element to include anus, anal canal, and rectum

51. psycho-
Mind; mental processes; the processes of thought, judgement, and emotion
Psych- is used to express the behavior resulting from physical processes taking place in the brain (cerebr)

52. psych- Ologist- one who studies- “knower” or “healer”
-iatrist- always refers to a physician, “healer”
Clinical psychologist provides treatment for mental disorders but it limited by license or laws governing medical practice

53. psych-
Psyciatrist- “healer of the mind”- a physician and is limited only by laws governing physicians
Psychoanalysis- state or condition of loosening the backwards

54. -scop observe; look; reveal
Scope- the –e carries the meaning of “instrument for”- means “instrument for observing”

55. -ar Pertaining to; having a connection
This “pertaining to” suffix is most frequently applied to words ending in –l and –le and is in the form –ular.
Triangle- triang/ular
Muscle- musc/ular

56. -ary Pertaining to/ having a connection with Honor/ary Budget/ary
Unit/ary

57. -cle
Small; little
This terminal forms a “diminutive” that is the dictionary term for a word denoting a small version of the thing indicated by the main part of the word
A part/i/cle is a “small part”
An oss/i/cle is “a small bone”

58. -e Means of; instrument for
This terminal usually applied to actions roots (verbs) to denote a means by which an action is performed, an instrument for performing the action
Scop/e- a means of looking or observing, an instrument for looking or observing

59. -an, -ian
Of or belonging to; frequently a person belonging to or associated with
Europe/an
Ohio/an
Flori/ian

60. -ide A terminal used in the naming of chemical compounds Cyan/ide
Brom/ide
Chlor/ide

61. -ist
One who practices; one who does; one who does; one who is concerned with
Chem/ist
Humor/ist
Novel/ist

62. -ium
Noun ending/ frequently means place or region, lining or covering tissue
Auditor/ium- place for hearing
Pod/ium- place for standing

63. ule Small, little; a diminutive Glob/ule- tiny ball or globe
Caps/ule- small container
Ven/ule- small vein

64. -ular
Pertaining to a small or little; pertaining to small version of the thing indicated in the main part of the word
Vavular- pertaining to a small valve