1. A religion followed by over 21% of the world’s population (1.5 billion people) who live by following the Qur’an and the example of their prophet, Muhammad. Islam = “peace, submission (to give in) to the will of God” -> R ELIGION Muslim = “one who submits to the will of God” -> FOLLOWER What is Islam?

2. How is Islam related to Judaism and Christianity? Belief in one God (monotheism) – different names for Him All are “Abrahamic Religions” that began in the Middle East Share stories of the Old Testament/ Torah Muslims respect Christians and Jews as “Peoples of the Book” God Yahweh Allah

3. “Birthplace of Three Religions” Activity Read the 2.2 article and answer questions #1 to #10 on the last page with your partner.

4. “Birthplace of Three Religions” Answers 1. monotheistic 2. Abraham, Mesopotamia 3. new, more than one 4. a leader or savior 5. False (still waiting) 6. True (Jesus) 7. Allah 8. Muhammad 9. Qur’an (Koran) 10. Abraham, David, Moses

5. Who was Muhammad? Lived from 570 to 632 CE in Saudi Arabia, near Mecca Prophet/founder of Islam - human, not divine 610 CE: revelation begins (god speaks to him) while he is praying in the mountains Muhammad shares God’s messages with people in Mecca and becomes famous 622 CE: leaders in Mecca force Muhammad to flee to Medina (this journey is called the Hijrah) 629 CE: Muhammad and his followers return and conquer Mecca

6. “Muhammad and the Koran” Video ActivityMuhammad and the Koran Answer the following questions while watching the video: How do Muslims sometimes refer to Muhammad? What did the voice Muhammad heard in the mountains tell him to do?

7. “Muhammad and the Koran” Video AnswersMuhammad and the Koran Answer the following questions while watching the video: How do Muslims sometimes refer to Muhammad? “the Prophet” – he is too sacred/important to use his name or draw pictures of him What did the voice Muhammad heard in the mountains tell him to do? RECITE – tell others what God was telling him

8. What is the Qur’an (Koran)? Holy book of Islam Revealed to Muhammad by God through the angel, Gabriel Written in Arabic by scribes after Muhammad’s life and put together as a whole about 20 years after Muhammad’s death Qur’an = “recite” Other holy books: Hadiths and Sunnah

9. The Five Pillars 1) Proclaim: “There is no God but the God (Allah) and Muhammad is the prophet of God” 2) Prayer, five times every day 3) Give alms (money/aid) to the poor and needy 4) Fasting (no eating), sun-up to sun-down during month of Ramadan 5) Hajj – pilgrimage (religious journey) to Mecca (at least once in a Muslim’s life)

10. 5 Pillars Activity Break Complete “The Five Pillars of Islam” on page 5 with a partner. Answers: 1. F 2. C, G 3. A 4. B, D 5. E

11. What do Muslims believe in? one, true God (Allah) angels the holy books the prophets = someone God speaks through (Abraham, Moses, Jesus, Muhammad, etc.) the Day of Judgment life after death (heaven and hell) God controls all that happens

12. Activity Break Read “Origins of Islam: Abraham and the Ka’bah” and answer questions #11 and #12 on the last page. Answers: 11. Abraham 12. The Ka’ba is important to Muslims because they believe it was a sacred place for Abraham that Muhammad later came to and blessed for Islam.

13. What is the Ka’bah? Located in the center of Mecca Built before the religion of Islam was founded (said to have been built by Abraham and Ishmael as an altar to God) Used by pre-Muslim Arabs for worship of their many gods (polytheism) 630 C.E.: reclaimed by Muhammad and dedicated to Allah Center of Islam today– place of annual pilgrimage and direction of prayer for Muslims from all over the world

15. The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem Other Holy Places The Great Mosque in Mecca (Ka’bah) The Prophet’s Mosque in Medina

16. Video Break Muhammad’s Night Journey Watch the video and answer the following question: “Why is Jerusalem and the Dome of the Rock important to Muslims?”

17. Video Break Muhammad’s Night Journey Watch the video and answer the following question: “Why is Jerusalem and the Dome of the Rock important to Muslims?” Answer: It is the place where Muslims believe Muhammad rose to heaven.

18. What is a Mosque? A place for prayer, study, socializing No shoes in prayer hall Women cover head, separate from men Room for cleaning before prayer Minarets: towers where the call to prayer is made Prayer hall faces Mecca Imam: prayer leader

19. Listening Activity Break http://www.bbc.co.uk/southyorkshire/content/ articles/2008/06/12/sounds_of_faith_feature.shtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/southyorkshire/content/ articles/2008/06/12/sounds_of_faith_feature.shtml Listen to a Muslim call to prayer. What language is the speaker using?_________ How do other religions use chanting or song?

20. Listening Activity Break Key What language is the speaker using? Arabic How do other religions use chanting or song? Prayer, worship, celebration, etc.

21. Holy Days Ramadan - a month of daytime fasting, during the 9th month of the Islamic calendar, purpose is to bring one closer to God Ramadan Eid al-Fitr - at the end of Ramadan, Muslims celebrate "The Festival of Fast-Breaking" Eid al-Fitr Hajj - each year during the 12th month of the Islamic calendar, millions of Muslims make an annual pilgrimage to Mecca Hajj Eid al-Adha - At the end of the annual pilgrimage, Muslims celebrate "The Festival of Sacrifice" Eid al-Adha

22. Who are Muslims? More than one billion people throughout the world Outline the map on the next slide. Two major groups (sects): Sunni: 80% in many locations throughout the world Shi’ah: 15%, mostly in Iran Difference is political - basic beliefs and practices are the same Sufis are Muslim mystics

23. Color countries where the majority of people are Muslim (GREEN), and circle the country with the most Muslims. Indonesia

24. Sects of Islam Activity Break Read “Sunni and Shi’ah Islam” and “Sufism” and complete the Venn diagram. SunniShi’ah

25. Sects of Islam Activity Key Sunni Shi’ah thought Abu Bakr was Muhammad’s successor 90% of Muslims are Sunni name means “the path shown by Muhammad” thought Muhammad’s cousin was his successor dominant in Iran followers called Shi’ites emphasis on suffering for your faith share views on Qur’an, Muhammad, God, and worship (differ in practice)

26. Muslim Stereotypes 1. All Muslims are Arabs. 2. Muslims are violent and promote terrorism. Activity Break: Read “Islam and Stereotypes” and answer questions #13 and #14 on the last page.

27. Muslim Stereotypes Answers 13. All Muslims are Arabs. Not all Muslims are Arab and not all Arabs are Muslim. The largest Muslim populated country is Indonesia, where a majority of people would be of Indonesian decent, not Arab. Muslims come from many countries all over the world today. 14. Muslims are violent and promote terrorism. Terrorist groups in Islam are extreme or fundamental groups and do not represent the majority of Muslim groups who consider Islam a religion of peace. The media helps portray this stereotype since violence receives more media coverage.

28. What about Jihad? “Struggle” not “Holy War” The inner struggle a person has to live a good life is called Jihad. For many Muslims, it includes the holy duty to try to win others over to Islam by setting a good example. Extremists: misuse Jihad to justify violence

29. Violence and JihadViolence and Jihad Video Break Watch and answer the following question: When did Muhammad say it was alright to fight to defend yourself. What does the Qur’an say about killing? Are Muslim terrorists following Islamic law when they kill innocent civilians?__________

30. Violence and JihadViolence and Jihad Video Answers When did Muhammad say it was alright to fight to defend yourself. When you are PERSECUTED, meaning harassed or hurt because of your religion. What does the Qur’an say about killing? The Qur’an says killing is ALWAYS bad, but if necessary to defend your self only, you may inadvertently kill someone Are Muslim terrorists following Islamic law when they kill innocent civilians? NO

31. What about women in Islam? Supposed to act and dress modestly and be protected by men Hijab: veil, differs from culture to culture Burkha: heavy cover /veil not a religious requirement

32. Video Break Watch the video and answer the questions: Why do many Muslim women wear the hijab? Why did Nadia’s dad try to persuade her NOT to wear hijab? Muhammad and Women

33. Video Answers Why do many Muslim women wear the hijab? As a sign of modesty and a symbol of their religion. Why did Nadia’s dad try to persuade her NOT to wear hijab? He was afraid people would stereotype and persecute her for choosing to wear the hijab. She has faced persecution before. Muhammad and Women

34. Resources: Jannah.org http://www.jannah.org/http://www.jannah.org/ World Assembly of Muslim Youth http://www.wamy.co.uk/http://www.wamy.co.uk/ Discover Islam Online http://www.discover-islam-online.com/ (posters)http://www.discover-islam-online.com/ PBS Documentaries: Islam: Empire of Faith http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/ Muhammad: Legacy of a Prophet http://www.pbs.org/muhammad/ http://www.pbs.org/muhammad/ Muslims (Frontline): http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/muslims/ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/muslims/