Development of Performance Based Tsunami Engineering (PBTE) University of Hawaii at Manoa H. Ronald Riggs Ian N. Robertson University of Hawaii at Manoa.

Development of Performance Based Tsunami Engineering (PBTE) University of Hawaii at Manoa H. Ronald Riggs Ian N. Robertson University of Hawaii at Manoa H. Ronald Riggs Ian N. Robertson

Fluid-Structure Interaction Scour Modeling Structural Loading Structural Response Social Sciences Public Policy Consequences (Life and economic losses) Warning Systems Tsunami Modeling Source Mechanism Tsunami Generation Open Ocean Propagation Ocean, Hydraulic and Structural Engineering Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis Performance Based Tsunami Engineering Societal Impact Assessment Focus of NEESR Study Tsunami Research Coastal Inundation Performance Levels

Project Team NameAffiliationExpertise H. Ronald RiggsUniversity of Hawaii, CEEStructural eng. and fluid-structure interaction Ian RobertsonUniversity of Hawaii, CEEStructural engineering design Si-Hwan ParkUniversity of Hawaii, CEEComputational mechanics Kwok Fai CheungUniversity of Hawaii, ORETsunami modeling Geno PawlakUniversity of Hawaii, OREOcean engineering, hydromechanics Julie YoungPrinceton UniversityScour and fluid transport Solomon YimOregon State UniversityFluid-structure interaction, wave tank modeling Gary ChockMartin & Chock, Inc.Code development, risk assessment Laura KongIntl. Tsunami Info CenterTsunami effects on coastal communities Brian YanagiIntl. Tsunami Info CenterDisaster management, Public awareness Michael HamnettUH Social Science Res. Inst.Public awareness and response to disasters

Advisory Panel NameAffiliationExpertise Michael BriggsU.S. Army Eng. Res. and Dev. Center Coastal and hydraulics engineering John HooperMagnusson Klemencic Associates Structural engineer Dennis J. HwangReinwald O'Connor & Playdon Geophysics and legal coastal management Orville T. MagoonCoastal Zone Foundation Coastal management Nassim UddinUniv. of Alabama at Birmingham Coastal effects, dynamic loads on structures Vasily TitovPacific Marine Env. Lab. PMEL Tsunami modeling David KennardFEMA Region IX Emergency response and preparedness George Crawford Washington State Military Dept., Emergency Management Division Disaster management - Washington State Richard Eisner California Governor's Office of Emergency Services Disaster management - California Edward TeixeiraHawaii State Civil Defense Disaster response and planning

OSU Wave Tank Facility

Technical Areas  Tsunami bore formation, runup, and coastal inundation  Sediment transport and scour  Fluid forces on structures  Structural response, analysis and design  Tsunami bore formation, runup, and coastal inundation  Sediment transport and scour  Fluid forces on structures  Structural response, analysis and design

Runup Experiments and Modeling  Site-specific bathymetry  Effect of fringing reefs  Surface roughness  Bore formation  Energy dissipation  Site-specific bathymetry  Effect of fringing reefs  Surface roughness  Bore formation  Energy dissipation

Run-up Experiments  Tsunami wave basin will be modified to allow for three individual flumes with different bottom slopes (July - Dec 2007) 26.5 m 3.66 m Individual piston–type waveboards T W B wave propagation runup/reef 1:5 Additional separating walls 48.8 m runup / reef 1:10 runup / reef 1:15 wave propagation 3.66 m

Run-up Experiments-Constant Slope  Solitary waves with heights at 0.05m increments up to 0.65m  Study bore formation and energy dissipation  Resistance wave gauges and Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters (ADVs) will capture flow velocity  Benchmark tests for bed roughness, fringing reef, scour and structural loading  Solitary waves with heights at 0.05m increments up to 0.65m  Study bore formation and energy dissipation  Resistance wave gauges and Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters (ADVs) will capture flow velocity  Benchmark tests for bed roughness, fringing reef, scour and structural loading piston gap 1m slopes 1:15 1:5 ~30m ~20m ~10m resistance wave gauges ADVs ~18.8m 1:10 ~2m

Run-up Experiments-Fringing Reef  Fringing reef will be simulated by curtailing the beach slopes at –h 2, water level, and +h 2.  Solitary waves with height at 0.05m increments up to 0.65m  Fringing reef will be simulated by curtailing the beach slopes at –h 2, water level, and +h 2.  Solitary waves with height at 0.05m increments up to 0.65m h1h1 1:15 1:10 piston ~30m ~15m resistance wave gauges ADVs absorber - h 2 1:5 h2h2

Run-up Experiments  Laser altimeter will track free surface when air entrainment distorts resistance gauges and ADV readings.  Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) will monitor transition to white water.  High speed camera will track markers on still water and dry bed.  Laser altimeter will track free surface when air entrainment distorts resistance gauges and ADV readings.  Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) will monitor transition to white water.  High speed camera will track markers on still water and dry bed. piston absorber laser altimeterhigh speed camera

Sediment Transport and Scour  Develop and validate sediment transport mechanisms  Pump up of sediments due to large-scale vortices created by bore collapse.  Entrainment of local sediment by instantaneous bed shear stress.  Enhanced transport due to soil instability (momentary static liquefaction caused by high pore pressure during drawdown)  Develop and validate sediment transport mechanisms  Pump up of sediments due to large-scale vortices created by bore collapse.  Entrainment of local sediment by instantaneous bed shear stress.  Enhanced transport due to soil instability (momentary static liquefaction caused by high pore pressure during drawdown)

Scour Experiments  Preliminary scour tests in Large Wave Flume (Fall 2006)  Utilize existing sand bed from beach erosion experiment  Preliminary scour tests in Large Wave Flume (Fall 2006)  Utilize existing sand bed from beach erosion experiment  Velocity measurements using ADVs and PIV  Sediment concentration using Fiber Optic Backscatter (FOBS)  Pore pressures sensors to monitor soil instability  Velocity measurements using ADVs and PIV  Sediment concentration using Fiber Optic Backscatter (FOBS)  Pore pressures sensors to monitor soil instability

Sediment Transport Experiments  Repeat 1:10 and 1:15 bottom slope tests with moveable bed  Well-graded sand bed (0.2mm median grain size)  Repeat 1:10 and 1:15 bottom slope tests with moveable bed  Well-graded sand bed (0.2mm median grain size) piston 1m ~30m ~20m ~18.8m 1:10 ~2m Velocimeter + Fiber Optic Backscatter (FOBS) Pore pressure transducers laser altimeter

Scour Experiments  Include plexiglass cylinder to simulate pile. piston 1m ~30m ~20m ~18.8m 1:10 ~2m Velocimeter + FOBS Pore pressure transducers laser altimeter

Fluid Forces on Structures  Horizontal hydrodynamic loads  Vertical hydrodynamic loads  Debris impact loads  Debris damming loads  Horizontal hydrodynamic loads  Vertical hydrodynamic loads  Debris impact loads  Debris damming loads

Fluid-Structure Experiments  Utilize fringing reef setup to produce bore.  Monitor loading on structural elements and simple structural systems  Utilize fringing reef setup to produce bore.  Monitor loading on structural elements and simple structural systems piston absorber laser altimeter Simple Structure high speed camera

Fluid-Structure Experiments  Utilize fringing reef setup to produce bore.  Monitor loading on structural elements and simple structural systems  Monitor debris damming effects  Utilize fringing reef setup to produce bore.  Monitor loading on structural elements and simple structural systems  Monitor debris damming effects piston absorber laser altimeter Shipping Container high speed camera

Fluid-Structure Simulation  Use Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes, RANS fluid models with the experimental data to improve fluid-structure interaction modeling  Combination of ABAQUS + FLUENT  Possible use of COMSOL (FEMLAB)  Use Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes, RANS fluid models with the experimental data to improve fluid-structure interaction modeling  Combination of ABAQUS + FLUENT  Possible use of COMSOL (FEMLAB)

Structural Response and Design  Structural response to hydraulic and impact loads  Progressive collapse prevention  Prescriptive design  Methodology for site-specific PBTE  Structural response to hydraulic and impact loads  Progressive collapse prevention  Prescriptive design  Methodology for site-specific PBTE

Performance Levels Building Performance Level Tsunami Wave Height Maximum Considered Tsunami Design Tsunami Immediate Occupancy Vertical evacuation Collapse Prevention Occasional Events Rare Events Very Rare Events Frequent Events Life safety Minor Tsunami

Outreach  Princeton REU program (summer 06)  Review of existing design guidelines to protect coastal structures against erosion and scour damage.  Assist with design and setup of scour experiments.  Oregon State University  Web telecast of all experiments performed in the TWB.  Selected experiments will be incorporated into an educational webcast for K-12 audience.  University of Hawaii  Summer 2006 – two High School interns working on preliminary FLUENT modeling  Enhancement of tsunami display at Bishop Museum  Princeton REU program (summer 06)  Review of existing design guidelines to protect coastal structures against erosion and scour damage.  Assist with design and setup of scour experiments.  Oregon State University  Web telecast of all experiments performed in the TWB.  Selected experiments will be incorporated into an educational webcast for K-12 audience.  University of Hawaii  Summer 2006 – two High School interns working on preliminary FLUENT modeling  Enhancement of tsunami display at Bishop Museum

Education and Outreach  Bishop Museum - Honolulu  New Science Adventure Center  Includes tank showing generation of storm and tsunami waves

Seismic Tsunami Storm Waves Landslide Tsunami

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Development of Performance Based Tsunami Engineering (PBTE) University of Hawaii at Manoa H. Ronald Riggs Ian N. Robertson University of Hawaii at Manoa.

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Development of Performance Based Tsunami Engineering (PBTE) University of Hawaii at Manoa H. Ronald Riggs Ian N. Robertson University of Hawaii at Manoa.

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