1. What is a Cell?

2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things.

3. How small are cells?

4. WOW!!! Some Random Cell Facts
The average human being is composed of around 100 Trillion individual cells!!!
It would take as many as 50 cells to cover the area of a dot on the letter “i”
WOW!!!

5. What are “Organelles”?

6. Organelles of the Animal Cell
Ribosomes
Chromosomes
Nucleus
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Golgi apparatus

7. All Cells
Have organelles
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA

8. CELL MEMBRANE-
IN PLANT CELLS- found just inside the cell wall. IN ANIMAL CELLS – It is the outer covering of the cell. It has tiny openings or pores that control the movement in and out of the cell. It is selectively permeable.

9. Cytoplasm Region between the nucleus and cell membrane
Clear, thick jelly-like substance
Constantly moving
Contains many important organelles

10. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Found in all cells
Carries genetic(hereditary) information
Controls activities of the cell
Usually found in nucleus

11. Plant and Animal Cells
Jane Horstmann

12. Plant or animal cell?
How can you tell?

13. This is an animal cell because _______________.

14. More pictures of cells

16. Two Kinds of Cells Prokaryotic: without a nucleus
Eukaryotic: with a nucleus

17. Prokaryotes
Single cell, without a nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Most common - Bacteria

18. Eukaryotic All protists are eukaryotes most are unicellular
Multicellular – many cells
Can see with your eye
Animals, Plants
Fungi – mushrooms and yeast

19. Cell Structures, Functions and Transport

20. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Go to Section:

21. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Nucleus
Nickname: “The Control Center”
Function: holds the DNA
Parts: Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes

22. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Go to Section:

23. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Ribosomes
Function: makes proteins
Grain like
Made by the nucleolus
Made of RNA (ribonucleic acid)
RNA –directs the production of protiens. This is controlled by DNA
Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Location: endoplasmic reticulum or cytoplasm

24. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Nickname: “Roads”
Function: Transport system that carries proteins throughout the cell.
tubular
leading out from the nuclear membrane throughout the cell.
May go out to the cell membrane

25. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Go to Section:

26. Endoplasmic Reticulum
DELIVERY SYSTEM OF THE CELL
2 Types:
Rough ER:
Rough appearance because it has ribosomes
Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes
Smooth ER:
NO ribosomes
Function: makes fats or lipids

27. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Ribosomes
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Complex
Go to Section:

28. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Golgi Complex
Nickname: The shippers
Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell
Appearance: stack of pancakes

29. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Go to Section:

30. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Lysosomes: small and circular, but bigger than ribosomes
Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”
Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells
Common in animal cells but rare in plant cells

31. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies

32. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Mitochondria
Nickname: “The Powerhouse”
Function: Supplies most of the energy for the cell
Breaks down food (glucose) into water and carbon dioxide, which releases energy. This is called respiration
stores energy
more active a cell is the more mitochondria it will have
Has small amount of DNA. Scientist believe they were once free living organisms that invaded the cell millions of years ago.

34. Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies

35. Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!

36. Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Cell Membrane
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
Go to Section:

37. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Vacuoles
Function: stores water
This is what makes lettuce crisp
When there is no water, the plant wilts
Plants often have one or two very large ones
Animals have small and few
Act as storage tanks for food, water, materials needed by the cell, and waste products.

38. Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Chloroplasts
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Go to Section:

39. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Chloroplasts
Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell
Process is called photosynthesis
Equation for photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + water Glucose + oxygen
6CO H2O C6H12O O2
Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

40. Chloroplasts

41. Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Chloroplasts
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Go to Section:

42. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Cell Wall
Function: strong, rigid; made of cellulose, provides support and protection to the cell membrane, allows materials (carbon dioxide, water, oxygen, and other dissolved materials) to pass in and out
Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells

43. Plant Cell Cytoplasm Vacuole Smooth ER Ribosomes Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Golgi Bodies
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Rough ER

44. How Are They Different? cell wall and cell membrane cell membrane
Plant Cell
cell wall and cell membrane
rectangular shape
large vacuole
makes glucose
contains chloroplasts - which make chlorophyll - which is used for photosynthesis
Animal Cell
cell membrane
oval or round shape
small vacuoles

45. Comparing Plant and Animal Cells