1. Physiology 2 By: Colby B, Nicole W, Katie C, Briana K, James W

2. Digestive System Description Basic Outline: 1.Movement: propels food through the digestive system. 2.Secretion: releases digestive juices in response to a specific stimulus. 3.Digestion: breakdown of food into molecular components small enough o cross the plasma membrane. 4.Absorption: passage of the molecules into the body’s interior and their passage throughout the body. 5.Elimination: removal of undigested foods and wastes.

3. Digestive System Functions Mouth: Begins mechanical digestion of food (swallows food) Esophagus: Carries food from the mouth to the stomach Stomach: - A short-term storage reservoir, where substantial chemical and enzymatic digestion is initiated. -slowly released into the small intestine Liver: provides bile salts to the small intestine, which are critical for digestion and absorptions of fats. Pancreas: Provides a potent mixture of digestive enzymes which are critical for digestion of fats, carbohydrates, and protein. Gallbladder: Stores and concentrated bile Small intestines: -where all nutrients are absorbed -Final stage of chemical digestion Large intestine: Where water is absorbed, bacterial fermentation occurs, and feces are formed. Rectum: Receives stool, lets the person know there is stool to be evacuated, and holds stool until evacuation happens. Anus: Last part of the digestive tract

4. Digestive System Map teeth mouth tongue Salivary glands esophagus liver stomach pancreas gallbladder Small intestines Large intestine Rectum Anus appendix

5. Excretory System Description Goal: to regulate the volume, molecular and ionic constitution of internal body fluids and eliminates metabolic waste products from the internal environment. Kidney parts: -Cortex: filtering layer of the kidney, made of nephrons -Medulla: middle layer known as the collecting layer -Renal Pelvis: where all of the collecting tubules come together and connect to the uteter.

6. Excretory System Functions Kidneys: -Maintain the volume of extracellular fluid -Maintain ionic balance in extracellular fluid -Maintain pH and osmotic concentration of the extracellular fluid -Excrete toxic metabolic by-products such as urea, ammonia, and uric acid -Main role is to filter blood and eliminate waste

7. Excretory System Map

8. Respiratory System The Basic Function of the respiratory system is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood, the air, and tissues.

9. Nose Mouth Larynx Lung Right Bronchus Diaphragm Pharynx Trachea Left Bronchus Bronchiole Alveoli Respiratory System Map

10. Functions of the Respiratory System Nose- Smelling, tasting, breathing, mucus lining and cilia help prevent foreign objects from entering the nose Mouth- Breathing can also be through the mouth, starting point of the digestive system, secondary inhaler/ex-haler Larynx- 1. Passageway for air 2. Valve to close off respiratory from digestive 3. voice box Lung- Exchanges carbon dioxide for oxygen and vice versa Bronchus (Right and Left)- Lead to lungs Diaphragm- Muscular structure, floor to chest cavity, abdominal roof Pharynx- Shared with digestive system, food goes down esophagus, air passes though trachea, never both at same time Trachea- armored tube allows air to pass beyond the larynx to where it divides into bronchi Alveoli- tiny air cells/ sacs. Gas exchange happens here

11. Circulatory System The circulatory system consists of the heart, a series of blood vessels, and the blood that flows through them.

12. Circulatory System Map Septum Pulmonary Veins Pulmonary Arteries Superior Inferior

13. Functions of the Circulatory System Superior Vena Cava- Large vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium Pulmonary Veins- Bring oxygen-rich blood from each of the lungs to the left atrium Inferior Vena Cava- Vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium Aorta- Brings oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the body Pulmonary Arteries- Bring oxygen-poor blood to the right or left lung Capillary- Smallest blood vessel, brings nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and absorbs carbon dioxide and waste products. Arteries- Large blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the tissues of the body. Veins- Blood vessel that returns blood to the heart

14. Quiz Time

15. Use the diagram below: 1)what is 1? a. stomach b. pancreas c. liver d. gall bladder 2) what is 2? a.small intestine b. large intestine c. appendix d. gall bladder 1 2

16. Use Diagram 3. What is A? a)The kidney b)The excretory system c)Nephron 4. What is B? a)The kidney b)The excretory system 34

17. 5. What are the functions of the kidney? a) Maintain pH and osmotic concentration b) Maintain ionic balance c)Maintain the volume d Filter blood e). All of the above

18. 6. 6.What part of the respiratory system is number 5? a. lung b. alveoli c. Bronchiole 7. What is the function of number 11, the aalveoli? a. to compress lungs b.to smell c. to change oxygen into carbon dioxide

19. 8.What does the Aorta do? a.Carries blood away from the heart b.Carries blood to the heart 9. What is a capillary? a.Smallest blood vessel, brings nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and absorbs carbon dioxide and waste products. b.Carries blood away from the heart 10. Identify the circled part of the Heart. a.Inferior Vena Cava b.Pulmonary artery

20. Key 1)a 2)b 3)b 4)a 5)e 6)c 7)c 8)a 9)a 10)a