2. Achievements - Products Sweet Sorghum Hybrids Biomass yield and Brix rate in sandy soil at Delhi, Ontario

5. Achievements - Products Sweet Sorghum Hybrids Sap yield and Brix rate in sandy soil at Delhi, Ontario 2005

6. Forage dry matter yield and Quality of CSSH 45 ParameterCSSH 45Silage Corn Plant height (cm) 260180 DMY (kg/ha) 13,5809,732 CP (% dm) 9.08.0 ADF (% dm) 27.721.5 NDF (% dm) 49.945.3 IVDMD (% dm) 81.186.7 NEL (Mcal/kg)1.541.72 TDN (% dm)67.672.8 Ca (% dm)0.150.09 P (% dm)0.380.42

7. Experimental seed production of Sweet Stem Pearl Millet Hybrid, Sept.,2003 Male (Pollinator) rows Female rows

8. Brix (%) Value of Normal and SS Pearl Millet Genetic Stocks, AERC, Delhi, ON 2003 12.44CV(%) 0.994LSD 13.98Mean 16.20 a Sweet stem99-03 12.63 c Normal99-03 14.9 b Sweet stem99-B23 13.22 c Normal99-B23 14.28 b Sweet stem99-A23 12.63 c Normal99-A23 Brix (%)GenotypeDesignation Brix values recorded 104 DAP ranged from 10.5 to 13.6%, tendency for values to stabilize 120 DAP from 12.6 to 16.2%. Sampling using 2- 3-4 internodes (bottom-up).

9. SS Pearl Millet Hybrids In 2005, 14 SS hybrids were grown in a replicated trial at Delhi, using a split- plot design. Main plots were N treatment (20+130 kg and 280 kgha In 2005, 14 SS hybrids were grown in a replicated trial at Delhi, using a split- plot design. Main plots were N treatment (20+130 kg and 280 kgha -1 ) and subplots were genotypes 76-80 DF, Brix 82 DAP and harvest 91 DAP (anthesis or soft dough stage) 76-80 DF, Brix 82 DAP and harvest 91 DAP (anthesis or soft dough stage) In Québec 9 SS hybrids in a replicated trial In Québec 9 SS hybrids in a replicated trial

10. A small roller-squeezer (sugarcane crusher; courtesy of PanleMatic Inc., Brampton, ON.) used to extract sap from whole plants. Operated with PTO of a tractor A small roller-squeezer (sugarcane crusher; courtesy of PanleMatic Inc., Brampton, ON.) used to extract sap from whole plants. Operated with PTO of a tractor Feeding 3-4 stems at a time, capacity of 150 kg/day [plot yield = ~50 kg] Feeding 3-4 stems at a time, capacity of 150 kg/day [plot yield = ~50 kg] Sap collected in a bucket, measured brix, volume and weight Sap collected in a bucket, measured brix, volume and weight Sap stored in a deep-freezer for delivery to the laboratory (CAI). Recorded weight of stems after extraction to estimate recovery Sap stored in a deep-freezer for delivery to the laboratory (CAI). Recorded weight of stems after extraction to estimate recovery Sap extraction

11. 2 0216826088202147178130 Sap (l/t), 50% 1920010500167005400138009600140007500 Sap yield (l/ha), 50% 5.210.713.87.2911.314.99.6 Sap Brix(%), 91 DAP 8062875468668351 Stem yield (t/ha) Control * MeanRangeControl * MeanRange 280 N150 N Parameter *Control is Forage pearl millet CFPM 101 [highly vegetative, height 3.3m, tiller # 13 ] Plant height of SS hybrids ~ 2.90m, tiller # 12 Preliminary results on SS pearl millet hybrids, Delhi, ON, August 2005

12. Crop Management for forages and ethanol production Field preperation Cultivate the land properly prior to planting so that it is free from grass weeds Planting date Plant any time when soil temperature is above 12 0 C. Spacing Between rows15 inches and 2 to 3 inches apart within the row.

13. Crop Management for forages and ethanol production Planting Seed rate CSSH 45 CSSPMH 7 10 lbs/acres, (population 225, 000 plants/acre) 8 lbs/acres, (population 350, 000 plants/acre) Planting depth Plant shallow at 0.5 inch. On sandy soils, seed should be planted at 1.0 inch Planting equipment Use a grain drill with a grass box or conventional grain drill. Broad casting of seeds results in uneven stand. Use 80 % of chart opening for CSSPMH 7 because the seed is smaller than other sorghum hybrids

14. Crop Management for forages and ethanol production Fertilizer Use 70% of silage corn manure equal to 80 lbs N and 40 lbs P and 40 lbs K per acre at planting. Soil pH Optimum soil pH 5.5 – 8.5. Grass weed control Cultivation prior to planting

15. Crop Management for forages and ethanol production Prussic acid CSSH 45 has low levels of prussic acid at all the time (after a frost or drought ranged 1.0 to 9.0 ppm %dm). Prussic acid level of less than 250 ppm is safe to use as feed Forage Silage Ethanol production CSSPMH 7 has a harvesting period of two week after pollination when sugar level is 16 to 18% and juice can be extracted by screw press and need direct fermentation CSSH 45 has harvesting period of 4-6 weeks after pollination when sugar level is at peak of 17%. After juice extraction, the biomass is good for making silage like corn

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