1. Major Chiropractic Technique Systems

2. Chiropractic Clinical Approaches: Segmental- subluxation is described in terms of alterations in specific intervertebral motion segments Postural- subluxation is seen as a postural and/or motion distortion of whole spine (“closed kinetic chain”) Tonal- view the spine and nervous system as a functional unit; goal is to “clear” the patient functionally

3. “Mr. Smith, your second cervical vertebra is subluxated.” (segmental) Ms. Jones, your spine is subluxated.” (postural) Dr. Chiro, I need to get adjusted; I’m subluxated.” (tonal) Using “subluxation” clinically:

4. “Palmer Package” Techniques: Diversified Gonstead Thompson Palmer Upper Cervical Specific/Toggle Recoil/HIO

5. “Diversified”: Full-spine segmental approach Mostly two-hand application of dynamic thrust (HVLA- High-Velocity, Low-Amplitude) Patient is prone, supine, sitting; usually no use of drops on adjusting table

6. Gonstead Full-spine segmental approach developed by C.S. Gonstead of Wisconsin- Mt. Horeb single and two-hand technique Patient is prone, sitting, side- lying, knee-chest position; pelvic bench, cervical chair, knee-chest tables No drops used “Nervoscope” and x-ray analysis of spine

7. Thompson: Full-spine segmental approach developed by C. Thompson Utilizes diversified procedures on an adjusting table equipped with drop sections Patient usually prone or supine on the adjusting table Extremity joints can also be adjusted

8. Activator: Full-spine segmental approach developed by Lee & Fuhr Uses hand-held, spring-powered adjusting instrument Utilizes leg-checks, postural challenges to localize subluxation PCC elective

9. Sacro-Occipital Technique (SOT): Tonal/segmental approach developed by M. Dejarnette One aspect of approach is facilitating CSF flow Use of pelvic “blocking” procedures Advanced procedures include cranial adjusting PCC “elective”

10. Logan (Basic) Technique: Full-spine postural approach Use of sustained low/light force applied manually to the sacrum to level the sacral base PCC elective

11. Applied Kinesiology (AK): Tonal approach developed by Dr. Goodheart Use of muscle testing in analysis Incorporation of nutrition, other complementary procedures

12. Pettibon: Full-spine structural approach developed by B. Pettibon Analytical use of x-ray Variety of procedures utilized, including dynamic thrust procedures, spinal traction, specific exercises, upper-cervical adjusting

13. Chiropractic Bio-Physics (CBP): Full-spine structural approach developed by D. Harrison Similar in many ways to Pettibon

14. Cox (Flexion-Distraction): Low-back disc treatment approach developed by J. Cox Utilizes manual or motorized traction applied to lumbar region to reduce bulging of lumbar and lumbosacral intervertebral discs

15. Motion Palpation: A full-spine segmental technique developed by H. Gillet and a form of spinal analysis Spinal segments examined manually to localize specific joints and directions of motion that are restricted/fixated/hypomobile The MP technique also uses adjusting procedures to restore motion (mobilization, HVLA, etc…)

16. Nimmo Receptor-Tonus: Full-spine, extremity soft-tissue approach developed by R. Nimmo Analyzes and treats the muscle component of subluxation using generally manual treatment directed at “trigger points” and other areas of disturbed muscle function

17. “Network” Spinal Analysis Full-spine tonal approach developed by D. Epstein Utilizes an integration of several different techniques to achieve end result of “clearing” patient of neural dysfunction

18. BEST (Bio Energetic Synchronization Technique): Tonal approached developed by M.T. Morter Integrates chemical and emotional components with the structural to “clear” the patient of neural dysfunction; an “energy” approach

19. NET (Neuro-Emotional Technique) Tonal approach developed by S. Walker Analysis using muscle testing procedures to identify past or present emotional stress links to persistent structural patterns/subluxations

20. DNFT (Directional Non-Force Technique): Tonal approach developed by Van Rumpt Utilizes leg check and vertebral/muscle challenges to localize subluxations

21. Toftness: Tonal/segmental approach developed by I.N. Toftness Analyzes for subluxation by attempting to identify segments emitting specific frequency of electromagnetic radiation Use of device (radiometer) to detect subluxated levels Light-force stylus used to adjust

22. Upper Cervical Specific Approaches: Palmer Upper Cervical/Toggle Recoil/HIO- BJ Palmer Grostic NUCCA- Gregory, Dickholtz AO (Atlas Orthogonality)- R.Sweat Blair Mears Kale/Knee-Chest Upper Cervical Life Cervical