1. 7-1

2.  Scientists have made observations about the world for 1000’s of years  Communication was very poor  A universal system of classification was necessary

3.  The Greek society was full of scholars and scientists.  Aristotle was the first scientist to begin classifying organisms  He observed their  appearance and behavior.

4. How did Aristotle begin to classify ?  With Blood Vertebrates Life bearing Egg bearing  Without blood Invertebrates Insects such as crustaceans Aristotle classified organisms into distinct groups

5.  He thought of a classification system that he called the “Ladder of Life”  This very simple chart included 11 degrees of life  The first being plants and the last being humans!

6.  Classification is the process of arranging organisms into groups based on their similarities

7.  Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms  A good system of taxonomy allows people to communicate about organisms  Before 1700 scientists had not agreed on a system of naming and grouping  Latin was the universal language choice for naming organisms because the language was no longer being used

8.  The science of Taxonomy is related to the Greek word “taxis” which means arrangement  Taxonomists are the scientists who classify and name organisms based on their similarities and differences  Taxonomists study the relationships of species and compare them with other species

9.  Taxonomists can also classify organisms according to their traits  A trait is a characteristic or behavior that can be used to tell two species apart

10.  Physical : what the organism looks like. What you can see with your eyes using direct observation.  This type of observation helps scientists link species with evolution

11. Physical Evidence  Are these locusts the same? What makes them Different? What is similar about them?

12. Cyanocitta c.cristata Turdidae sialia The class is still Aves!

13.  Genetic : The use of laboratory machines to analyze DNA to link species on a cellular level  Usually supports physical evidence.

14.  Carolus Linnaeus developed systems for both naming species and organizing them into groups  He named 4000 species!

15.  Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus  Species  The largest group of species in this classification system is Kingdom

16.  A group of species that have similar characteristics is a genus  Members of the same genus are very closely related. Genus: Felis

17.  Linnaeus used Binomial Nomenclature to name species  Binomial means “two names”  Nomenclature means list of names

18.  When writing names of organisms in scientific classification, the genus is written in italics and capitalized and the species is written next and is lowercase.  Chameleo gracilis

19. So what would a dog be??  Kingdom- Animalia  Phylum- Chordata  Class-Mamalia  Order-Carnivora  Family- Canidae  Genus- Canis  Species- C.lupus Canis c-lupus

20. What about this?? Canis rufus (Red Wolf)

21.  A Dichotomous Key and Field Guides can be used to classify organisms easily

22.  Asks a series of questions that can only be answered in one of two ways  Each answer leads to another question till you get the organism you need to identify

25.  Field Guides use pictures or illustrations to identify organisms based on their physical characteristics

26. Chapter 7-3

27.  Species continue to grow as scientists discover new organisms or species. The scientific community are also learning new things about evolution and genetic make-up of species

28. New level of classification!  The new level of classification that has been added to the system is Domain  These are larger groupings that contain 3 levels on a cellular level

29.  These Domains are Bacteria, Archea, and Eukarya  Bacteria and Archea contain only organisms without a nucleus  Eukarya are organisms with a nucleus and can be either unicellular or multi- cellular

30. Bacteria  Unicellular  No nucleus  Reproduce by cell division

31. Archaea  Unicellular  Different chemicals than bacteria and are older  Live in extreme conditions

32. Protista  Multi cellular  Has a nucleus  Contain the hard to place organisms

33. Fungi  Multi cellular  Decompose other organisms  Has a nucleus

34. Plantae  Multicellular  get energy from the sun  has a nucleus and a cell wall

35. Animalia  multi cellular  eat food for energy  have a nucleus

36. Test on Monday!!!