1. Protein Synthesis (making proteins)
DNA to Proteins
Protein Synthesis (making proteins)

2. DNA – RNA - Proteins
This is called the genetic code (or Protein Synthesis)
Also known as the ‘Central Dogma’
The DNA inside of the Nucleus gives the RNA instructions for making Proteins.
Since the DNA cannot leave the nucleus, the mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosomes.

3. Changing DNA - RNA Changing DNA – RNA is called “TRANSCRIPTION”
To ‘transcribe’ is to ‘re-write’ something.
This means there will be a change in base pairing.
A=U (this is different, no THYMINE in RNA)
C=G (this is the same)

4. Transcribe the DNA to RNA
Practice Transcription
AAA – TAG – GAT – CCC – TAT - ATT

5. Transcribe the DNA to mRNA
Practice Transcription-answer
DNA = AAA – TAG – GAT – CCC – TAT - ATT
mRNA =UUU – AUC – CUA –GGG – AUA - UAA
Remember: There is no T (thymine) in RNA; instead there is U (uracil)
The series of 3 bases is called a triplet or CODONS

6. mRNA – Proteins (amino acids)
Messenger RNA (mRNA) being translated into an amino acid is called TRANSLATION.
You will need page 292 of the blue Glencoe Textbooks for the Amino Acid Codon Chart

7. mRNA – Proteins (Amino Acid)
Translate the mRNA to Amino Acids
You will need the chart on page 292 in blue text books
mRNA =UUU – AUC – CUA –GGG – AUA – UAA
AA = PHEN – ISOL – LEU – GLYC – ISOL - STOP

8. mRNA – Proteins (amino acids)
Translation
Your amino acid strand should read this
mRNA =UUU – AUC – CUA –GGG – AUA – UAA
AA = PHEN – ISOL – LEU – GLYC – ISOL - STOP
Every amino acid sequence (protein strand) has a start codon (AUG) and a stop codon (UAA, etc.)
This is telling where protein synthesis STARTS, and STOPS

9. Practice Work (keep in notebooks)
On your own paper, Practice DNA replication
1. ATA – CAT – GGG – CCC- TAT- ATT – CGC
2. TTA – CCT – CCA – GGA – ATA – TTG – CCT
3. ATC – GAT- CTA – TCG – ATC – GAC – GAG
4. GCT – AGA – TAA – AGG – CAA –GAA - AAA

10. Practice work (keep in notebooks)
Practice Protein Synthesis (change each strand to mRNA , THEN to Proteins).
1. ATA – CAT – GGG – CCC- TAT- ATT – CGC
2. TTA – CCT – CCA – GGA – ATA – TTG – CCT
3. ATC – GAT- CTA – TCG – ATC – GAC – GAG
4. GCT – AGA – TAA – AGG – CAA –GAA - AAA