1. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Active Lecture Questions Chapter 24 Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

2. A patient has fever, difficulty breathing, chest pains, fluid in the alveoli, and a positive tuberculin skin test. Gram-positive cocci are isolated from the sputum. The recommended treatment is a.penicillin. b.antitoxin. c.isoniazid. d.tetracyclines. e.none of the above

3. No bacterial pathogen can be isolated from the sputum of a patient with pneumonia. Antibiotic therapy has not been successful. The next step should be a.culturing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. b.culturing for Mycoplasma pneumoniae. c.culturing for fungi. d.a change in antibiotics. e.none; nothing more can be done.

4. Match the choices to the culture descriptions in the next three questions. Your culture from a pneumonia patient appears not to have grown. You do see colonies, however, when the plate is viewed at 100×. a.Chlamydophila b.Coccidioides c.Histoplasma d.Mycobacterium e.Mycoplasma

5. This pneumonia etiology requires cell culture. a.Chlamydophila b.Coccidioides c.Histoplasma d.Mycobacterium e.Mycoplasma

6. Microscopic examination of a lung biopsy shows ovoid cells in macrophages. You suspect these are the cause of the patient’s symptoms, but your culture grows a filamentous organism. a.Chlamydophila b.Coccidioides c.Histoplasma d.Mycobacterium e.Mycoplasma

7. Microscopic examination of a lung biopsy shows spherules. a.Chlamydophila b.Coccidioides c.Histoplasma d.Mycobacterium e.Mycoplasma

8. In San Francisco, ten animal health care technicians developed pneumonia 2 weeks after 130 goats were moved to the animal shelter where they worked. Which of the following is not true? a.Diagnosis is made by a blood agar culture of sputum. b.The cause is Coxiella burnetii. c.The cause is rickettsia. d.The disease was transmitted by aerosols. e.Diagnosis is made by complement-fixation tests for antibodies.

9. Which of the following leads to all the rest? a.catarrhal stage b.cough c.loss of cilia d.mucus accumulation e.trachaeal cytotoxin

10. What causes the formation of a membrane across the throat? a.Bordetella pertussis b.Corynebacterium diphtheriae c.Legionella pneumophila d.Mycobacterium tuberculosis e.none of the above

11. What is resistant to destruction by phagocytes? a.Bordetella pertussis b.Corynebacterium diphtheriae c.Legionella pneumophila d.Mycobacterium tuberculosis e.none of the above

12. Which antibodies in tears, saliva, and mucus help protect mucosal surfaces from many pathogens? a.IgD b.IgA c.IgG d.IgM

13. In the diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis, the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests have generally replaced a.Latex indirect agglutination tests b.Gram staining c.Culturing d.Coagulase tests

14. Rhinoviruses cause what percentage of all colds? a.20% b.30% c.40% d.50%

15. What is the name of the toxin produced by Bordetella pertussis that causes the loss of cilia in the lower respiratory tract? a.Tracheal cytotoxin b.Pertussis toxin c.Whooping cough toxin d.Bordetella toxin

16. One of the most common causes of viral respiratory disease in infants is a.Rhinovirus b.Influenza virus c.Respiratory syncytial virus d.Coronavirus

17. Which disease is seldom transmitted from one human to another but is usually spread by contact with bird droppings and exudates? a.Psittacosis b.Pontiac fever c.Melioidosis d.Q fever

18. What was the leading infectious killer of children in the United States until 1935? a.Scarlet fever b.Diphtheria c.Tuberculosis d.Pertussis

19. Which organism produces a tough grayish membrane in the throat? a.Streptococcus pneumoniae b.Corynebacterium diphtheriae c.Mycobacterium tuberculosis d.Haemophilus influenzae

20. What is the reservoir for Legionella pneumophila? a.Birds b.Soil c.Water d.Rodents

21. In influenza viruses, minor annual variations in the antigenic makeup are called a.Antigenic drift b.Antigenic shift c.Mutation d.Recombination

22. Currently, the influenza viruses used for manufacturing vaccines are grown in a.Petri dishes b.Cell cultures c.Embryonated egg cultures d.Test tube slants

23. What allows the influenza virus to recognize and attach to body cells before infecting them? a.Enzymes b.HA spikes c.Lipid bilayer d.Protein coat

24. Several serious fungal infections affect the lower respiratory system, mainly because fungi a.Are dimorphic b.Are opportunistic c.Produce spores d.Produce toxic proteins

25. Histoplasmosis is a fungal pulmonary disease that is rather restricted geographically, as is a.Aspergillosis b.Coccidioidomycosis c.Pneumocystis pneumonia d.Thrush

26. In Pneumocystis pneumonia, the rupture of a cyst results in the development of a.Trophozoites b.Merozoites c.Sporozoites d.Eggs