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Context-aware mobile Collaboration Web services (in ad-hoc and infrastructure based environments) Towards a PhD Christoph Dorn Distributed Systems Group Institute of Information Systems http://www.infosys.tuwien.ac.at/Staff/dorn/
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2 Overview Overview Challenges Past and Current Research Activities Related Work Future Steps
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3 Research Scope – inContext Project Supporting Relevance-based Collaboration Services: anytime, anywhere, any device, anybody
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4 Overview (1) Context Context Definition: “[... ] any information that can be used to characterize the situation of an entity. An entity is a person, place, or object that is considered relevant to the interaction between a user and an application, including the user and applications themselves” [DeyAbowd2000] Examples Location, Presence, Device Capabilities, User Preferences, Patterns, Calendar, Team structure Context-aware Any software entity that uses context information to improve its purpose
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5 Overview (2) Mobility Mobile Web Services – 3 scenarios S1: requestor is mobile and service static S2: requestor is static and provider mobile S3: requestor and provider are mobile
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6 Overview (3) Environment Ad hoc vs MANETs (Mobile Adhoc NETworks) Provide most underlying services by devices Routing Discovery Security P2P Infrastructure Fixed networks Always on Reliable/stable Underlying services provided Client/Server
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7 Challenges (1) Context Context is most useful in dynamic, mobile environments. But what is the relevant information in various situations? Mobility results in continuous updates of context information. How can we efficiently manage this? How can we share context? How do we handle uncertainty of context information? How do we ensure privacy control and management of context information? How do we reach a common understanding of implications and semantics of (shared) context information?
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8 Challenges (2) Mobility Assumptions about the where and when and who of service usage in mobile environments are a lot harder to make than in fixed environments – usage patterns (time, location, availability, device characteristics) Resource restrictions Processing power (XML parsing) Main memory (XML parsing, DOM) Connectivity costs (low bandwidth and/or high usage costs) Display size Input types Connectivity - devices/services: appear reconfigure move around disappear
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9 Challenges (3) Technology Devices PDA, Smartphones, TabletPC, Laptops, (Servers) Communication Capabilities WLAN, Bluetooth, GPRS, UMTS, WIMAX, HSDPA, Development support: IDEs, Programming Languages, Containers, Tools Java(EE, SE, ME), OSGi, Symbian/C++, .NET (Compact Framework) C# Web service support: mostly only client side, WS-* support besides SOAP and WSDL
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10 Challenges (4) Collaboration “different team forms (nimble, virtual, mobile/nomadic) switch between user context and team contexts. Provide information to teams to allow team awareness. Relevant pervasive collaboration services: documents, calendar, communication means, notifications, project status, team awareness Nimble/Virtual/Mobile teams forms require adapted mechanisms Member of varied team forms simultaneously” (stolen from CWE 2006 talk when Schahram was not looking ;-)
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11 Active Research Current Papers: Sharing Hierarchical Context for Mobile Web Services (submitted to DPDJ, in review) Personal Context Network (work in progress) Concepts Context Hierarchies Context sharing based on hierarchies (CASQL) Context Access control, Subscription and Query Language Context Relevance / Dominance
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12 Service Oriented Context Definition by Dey and Abowd [Dey+Abowd2000] extended to fit a service-oriented environment: “Context is any information that can be used to characterize the situation of a service that participates in fulfilling a user’s task. Thus, context encompasses all information that is considered relevant to the interaction between a user and a service as well as communication in-between services.” [DornDustdar2006] Context definition explicitly extended to cover service composition and adaptation as context is applied at the user, role, and service level
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13 Context Hierarchies (1) Basic idea: structure context information according to levels of detail LocationPresenceActivityTeam Status CountryTop StatusEnvironmentAnybody CitySubstatusSubenvironmentRoles StreetActivityProjectNumbers NumberLocationArtefactPeople FloorTask Room
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14 Context Hierarchies (2) Tree structure using XML: Hierarchy (Id, Name, Description, Entity) Level (Id, Name, Description, Parent Level) Value (Name, Value, Timestamp, Confidence, Source) Detailed Value: Value further structured by means of XML (specific to domain, hierarchy, level, and value)
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15 Context Hierarchies (3) - Benefit Network load: Sharing limited to relevant detail level ( reduced strain on bandwidth as changes on lower/finer levels are not propagated) Privacy control mechanism: information might be necessary, won’t disclose fine grained but adequate level. More detailed only on demand or required. Confidence: uncertain facts at fine level can be compensated more reliable facts at higher levels Relevance: Basis for defining relevant context information under certain conditions.
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16 Context Sharing (1) - Context Access control, Subscription, and Query Language XML-based (XPath, XQuery, XSLT) Subscription defined as XQuery statements Access policies defined as XPath statements Notification event to subscription matching based on XPath
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17 Context Sharing (2) Context Sharing Architecture components Context System (Blackbox) (CSB) – provides context information Hierarchy Adapter (HA) – maps hierarchies to context model as used by the CSB Context Publish/Subscribe (CPS) – subscribes at remote peers, receives updates and vice versa (CASQL) Platform Context Manager (PCM) – provides service roles for access mechanism
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18 Context Relevance / Dominance & Web service interaction-based access Condition-based context relevance e.g., If I’m at work, my activity status is dominant/more relevant than my presence status. If I’m at home, however, it’s vice versa Web service interaction-based access to context composition, requestor, provider interface, identical, remote, local invocation start, invocation end, composition start, composition end
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19 Current research activities Extending the concepts of hierarchical context sharing Analysis and improvement of hierarchy handling, creation/mapping, definition, and structure Actual Implementation of the Context Sharing Architecture in OSGi (Knopflerfish) Complete definition of four concrete hierarchies (introduced above) on top of a collaboration (context) model Basis for the Personal Context Network
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20 Related Work (1) Mobile WS Connectivity Zahreddine & Mahmoud [ZM2005], Maamar et al. [Maa+2004], Chakraborty et al. [Cha+2002] (agents) Friedman [Fri2002] (caching), Pilioura et al. [Pil+2003] (proxy), Lee & Fox [LF2004] (reliable messaging) Discovery GSD: Chakraborty et al. [Cha+2003] (group based) WizNet: Dustdar & Treiber [DT2004], Self-serv: Benatallah et al. [Ben+2003] (communities) Selection Sen et al. [Sen+2004], Doulkeridis et al. [Dou+2003] (prediction: where, when) Composition (agents, intermediary) Lee et al. [Lee+2005] intermediary
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21 Related Work (2) Context Sharing Web Service Context [WS-Context2004] Service Oriented Context-Aware Middleware (SOCAM) [Gu+2004] Context Broker Architecture (CoBrA) [Chen+2003] Solar: An open platform for context-aware mobile applications [ChenKotz2002] Service platform for mobile context-aware applications [Costa+2004] [BiegelCahill2004] Sentient Component Model Granularity / Context Hierarchies Context Awareness for Group Interaction Support [Ferscha+2004] – symbolic location hierarchy Context Management in Heterogeneous, Evolving Ubiquitous Environments [daRochaEndler2006]
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22 Short term: Finish paper(s) on context granularity, sharing and control including implementation Research aspects of the Personal Context Network (temporal sharing patterns, logical context sources, …) Long term: Focus on relevance criteria and modeling Complete Personal Context Network Finally: Have a (small) set of tools to support context aware, relevance-based collaboration services for mobile (ad-hoc) networks Miracle here Future Steps
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23 VitaLab Integration Links to other projects/efforts/students: Semantics (Context modeling): Alexander Urbanek Workflow & Patterns: Martin Vasko, Robert Gombotz Rule Engines: Florian Rosenberg Mobile Web Services: Daniel Schall Service Oriented Middleware: Martin Treiber
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24 Discussion Any Questions?
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25 Resources (1) [DeyAbowd2000] Dey, A., Abowd, G.: Towards a better understanding of context and context-awareness. In: Workshop on the What, Who, Where, When and How of Context-Awareness at CHI 2000, (2000) [DornDustdar2006] Dorn, C., Dustdar, S.: Sharing Hierarchical Context for Mobile Web Service, Technical Report, Vienna University of Technology TUV-1841-2006-36, (April 2006) [ZM2005] Zahreddine, W. and Mahmoud, Q.H.: An agent-based approach to composite mobile Web services, 19th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, 2005. AINA, Mar. 2005, p.189-192 [Maa+2004] Maamar, Z., Sheng, Q.Z., and Benatallah, B.: On Composite Web Services Provisioning in an Environment of Fixed and Mobile Computing Resources, Information Technology and Management Journal, (5), 2004, p.251-270 [Cha+2002] Chakraborty, D., Perich, F., Joshi, A., Finin, T., and Yesha, Y.: Middleware for Mobile Information Access, 5th International Workshop on Mobility in Databases and Distributed Systems (MDDS 2002), Sep.2002 [Fri2002] Friedman, R.: Caching web services in mobile ad-hoc networks: opportunities and challenges, POMC '02: Proceedings of the second ACM international workshop on Principles of mobile computing, 2002, p90-96
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26 Resources (2) Mobile WS [LF2004] Lee, S. and Fox, G.: Wireless Reliable Messaging Protocol for Web Services (WS-WRM), IEEE International Conference on Web Services, 2004. Proceedings. Jul. 2004, p.350-357 [Cha+2003] Chakraborty, D., Joshi, A., Yesha, Y. and Finin, T.: GSD: a novel group-based service discovery protocol for MANETS, 4th International Workshop on Mobile and Wireless Communications Network, 2002, p.140- 144 [DT2004] Dustdar S. and Treiber, M.: WiZNet - Integration of different Web service Registries, 2004, citeseer.ist.psu.edu/dustdar04wiznet.html [Ben+2003] Benatallah, B., Sheng, Q.Z., and Dumas, M.: The Self-Serv Environment for Web Service Composition, IEEE Internet Computing Journal, Jan/Feb 2003, p.40-48 [Sen+2004] Sen, R., Handorean, R., Roman, G., and Hackmann, G,: Knowledge-driven interactions with services across ad hoc networks, ICSOC '04: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Service oriented computing, Nov. 2004, p.222-231 [Dou+2003] Doulkeridis, C., Valavanis, E., and Vazirgiannis, M.: Towards a Context-Aware Service Directory, 29th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB 2003), Sep. 2003 [Lee+2005] Lee, W., Lee, K., Lee, S., and Lee, K.: An efficient framework for composite enabled mobile web services, The 7th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, 2005, ICACT, Feb. 2005, p.741-746
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27 Resources (3) Context [WS-Context2004] Little, M., Newcomer, E., Pavlik, G.: Web Service Context Specification (WS-Context). OASIS. (2004) [Gu+2004] Gu, T., Pung, H.K., Zhang, D.Q.: A middleware for building context-aware mobile services. In: 59th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2004. VTC 2004. (2004) 2656–2660 [Chen+2003] Chen, H., Finin, T., Joshi, A.: An ontology for context- aware pervasive computing environments. Special Issue on Ontologies for Distributed Systems, Knowledge Engineering Review 18(3) (2003) 197–207 [ChenKotz2002] Chen, G., Kotz, D.: Solar: An open platform for context-aware mobile applications. In: First International Conference on Pervasive Computing (Short Paper). (2002) 41–47 [Costa+2004] Costa, P.D., Pires, L.F., van Sinderen, M., Filho, J.P.: Towards a service platform for mobile context-aware applications. In: 1st International Workshop on Ubiquitous Computing - IWUC 2004. (2004) 48–61
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28 Resource (4) Context [BiegelCahill2004] Biegel, G., Cahill, V.: A framework for developing mobile, context-aware applications. In: Second IEEE Annual Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, 2004. PerCom 2004. (2004) 361–365 [Ferscha+2004] Ferscha, A., Holzmann, C., Oppl, S.: Context awareness for group interaction support. In: MobiWac ’04: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Mobility Management & Wireless Access Protocols, New York, NY, USA, ACM Press (2004) 88–97 [DaRochaEndler2006] da Rocha, R.C.A., Endler, M.: Context management in heterogeneous, evolving ubiquitous environments. IEEE Distributed Systems Online 7(4) (2006)
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